Ucwaningo lokushintsha koqweqwe lomhlaba aluhloli kuphela lapho abantu besebenzisa khona umhlaba kodwa nokuthi lokho kusetshenziswa kuthinta kanjani izinga namandla okukhiqiza ezinsiza zezolimo. Lokhu kwenza ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba kube yinto ebalulekile ethinta imvelo.
Ukuwohloka komhlaba wezolimo kwenzeka lapho inhlabathi, uhlaza, ubudlelwano bamanzi, noma ezinye izindawo zomhlaba ziwohloka ngokwanele ukuze kuncishiswe ikhono lendawo yokulima ukusekela izitshalo, imfuyo, imvelo, indlela yokuziphilisa, kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla kwesikhathi eside.
Ukwanda kwabantu kuvame ukudonsa amehlo ezingxoxweni mayelana nokucekelwa phansi komhlaba wezolimo ngoba imiphakathi ekhulayo idinga ukudla okwengeziwe, uphethiloli, imali engenayo kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Nokho, ukucindezela kwenani labantu akukhiqizi ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lezwe elinciphayo yonke indawo.
Imibono emibili emikhulu isiza ukuchaza le miphumela ehlukene. Ukubuka kombuthano ononya kuxhumanisa ubumpofu, ukukhula kwenani labantu, ingcindezi yezinsiza, ukwehla komkhiqizo, kanye nobumpofu obengeziwe, kuyilapho umbono we-Boserupian ugcizelela ukuqina nokutshalwa kwezimali.
Ubufakazi obuvela eKenya nasezindaweni eziningi eziwugwadule eNtshonalanga Afrika bubonisa ukuthi umhlaba wokulima ungathuthuka ngaphansi kwengcindezi yabantu lapho abalimi bezuza izimakethe, ingqalasizinda, ulwazi, ukuhlala okuphephile, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezinzuzo zokutshala izimali.
Ukuqonda Ukucekelwa phansi Komhlaba Wezokulima
Ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba wezolimo kusho ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yenhlabathi, ukumbozwa kwezitshalo, izimo zamanzi, noma imisebenzi ehlobene yomhlabathi enciphisa amandla okulima okukhiqiza izitshalo, ukusekela imfuyo, kanye nokusimamisa izinsiza zemvelo. Imiqondo yokusetshenziswa komhlaba nekhava ukusiza ukuchaza lezi zinguquko.
Ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba usekela kokubili ukukhiqizwa kanye nemisebenzi yemvelo, ukuwohloka kungase kuthinte ukunikezwa kokudla, imali etholwa abalimi, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, ukulawulwa kwamanzi, kanye nempilo yasemaphandleni. Ukuqonda izinsiza zomhlaba ngakho-ke kudinga ukuhlola kokubili ukusetshenziswa kanye nekhwalithi ngokusebenzisa isayensi yomhlabathi.
Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kuchaza imisebenzi nezinto ezisetshenziswayo abantu ukuze banakekele noma bashintshe umhlaba, kuyilapho ikhava yomhlaba ichaza indawo ebonakalayo ebonwa endaweni yonke. Ubudlelwano babo busiza ukuchaza ushintsho lwezolimo.
Ukuwohloka kungase kuhilele izinqubo ezibonakalayo njengokuguguleka nokucinana, izinkinga zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-acidification kanye nokufakwa kukasawoti emanzini, noma ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphilayo okuhlanganisa izinto eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms, kanye nokuncipha kwezakhi zomhlabathi phakathi kwezinhlelo zenhlabathi ezitshaliwe.
Umhlabathi onempilo uhlinzeka ngokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuhlinzekwa kwezakhi, ukusekela izimpande, indawo yokuhlala, nemisebenzi ebalulekile yokuvuselela kabusha. Ngakho-ke, abalimi nabaphathi bomhlaba badinga ukuvikela le misebenzi ngenkathi behlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zokukhiqiza ezolimo.
Isiyingi Esinonya Emuva Kokucekelwa phansi Komhlaba
1. Ubumpofu Nengcindezi Yezinsiza: Ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba wezolimo kungathuthuka ngezindlela eziningi ezixhumene, ikakhulukazi lapho ubumpofu, ukucindezelwa kwabantu, ubuchwepheshe obulinganiselwe, nokufinyelela okubuthakathaka ezinsizeni ezikhiqizayo kuvimbela ukukhetha kwabalimi ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza zasemakhaya ezisengozini. Izinqubo zokuguguleka komhlabathi ingasheshisa lokhu kulahlekelwa.
2. Ukukhula Kwabantu Nesidingo: Umbono ononya uthi ubumpofu bungakhuthaza amakhaya ukuthi ancike kakhulu emithonjeni yemvelo etholakalayo. Izinqumo zokusinda zesikhashana zingase zikhulise ingcindezi yokulima futhi zinciphise amathuba okubuyisela, kuyilapho ukungcoliswa komhlaba ingalimaza ikhwalithi yensiza.
3. Ukuncipha Kokukhiqiza Kwenhlabathi: Ukukhula kwenani labantu kungase kunyuse isidingo sokudla kanye nenzuzo yasemapulazini kuyilapho umhlaba okhona usalokhu ulinganiselwe. Ukutshala ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokushintshwa kwezakhi ezanele noma ukongiwa kunganciphisa kancane kancane ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ngokusebenzisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwemfucuza yezolimo.
4. Ukuqinisa Ubumpofu: Ukwehla komkhiqizo kungakhulisa ubumpofu ngoba abalimi bathola umkhiqizo omncane endaweni efanayo. Ukonga okulinganiselwe kungase kuvimbele ukutshalwa kwezimali kumanyolo, imbewu ethuthukisiwe, ukulawulwa kwamanzi, ukulawulwa kokuguguleka, noma obunye ubuchwepheshe obukhiqizayo.
Funda Futhi: Izindima Zabathengi Ekulawuleni Udoti
I-Boserupian Pathway eya Ekuthuthukisweni Komhlaba
Umbono we-Boserupian unikeza incazelo ehlukile yengcindezi yabantu. Iphakamisa ukuthi isidingo esikhulayo singakhuthaza abalimi ukuthi baqinise ukukhiqiza, bakhulise ukusetshenziswa kwezisebenzi, basebenzise izindlela ezithuthukisiwe, futhi batshale imali ekuthuthukiseni umhlaba.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zezomnotho, abantu basemaphandleni abaminyene bangakha izimakethe eziqinile zemikhiqizo yezolimo. Ukufinyelela ezimakethe okungcono kungenza ukutshalwa kwezimali ezindaweni ezivundile, ukuvunda kwenhlabathi, ukuchelela, izinto zokutshala ezithuthukisiwe, nengqalasizinda yasemapulazini ikhange nakakhulu.
Izindlela zokongiwa kwezinsiza khombisa ukuthi izikhuthazo zezomnotho, izikhungo, nolwazi lwabalimi kungaba nomthelela ekutheni ingcindezi idala ukuwohloka noma ukuthuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke ukukhula kwenani labantu kudinga ukuhlolwa kanye nalezi zimo ezisekelayo.
Izingcindezi zesimo sezulu nokusimama futhi kulolonga umphumela ngoba ukushintshashintsha kwemvula, isomiso, ukushisa, neziphepho ezinamandla kunomthelela ekugugulekeni komhlaba, ukutholakala komswakama, ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo, kanye nokuqina kwezinhlelo zokulima ngaphansi kwengcindezi yemvelo kuzo zonke izindawo zokulima.
Ukuvikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kungasekela ukusimama komhlaba ngenxa yokuthi uhlaza, izinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi, izinto ezithwala impova, izinto ezibolayo, nezinye izinto eziphilayo zinesandla ekugibeleni izakhi zamabhayisikili, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukulawula amanzi, kanye nokululama kwesimiso semvelo ngemva kokuphazamiseka phakathi nokushintsha kwemvelo. Imisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo ngakho-ke kunendaba.
Ubufakazi baseMachakos Bokuthuthukiswa Komhlaba
1. Izimo Zemvelo Eziyinselele: Esifundeni saseMachakos, eKenya, ukwanda kwenani labantu kwenzeka endaweni enezintaba negwadule elincane lapho ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kwase kubi kakhulu khona. Lesi sifunda siphinde sabhekana nokuxhumana okubuthakathaka kwezimakethe kanye nemikhawulo yomhlaba nezitshalo.
2. Ukukhuphuka Kwabantu Nokukhiqiza: Kusukela ngo-1930 kuya ku-1990, inani labantu baseMachakos landa cishe ngokuphindwe kasithupha, lafinyelela kubantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.4. Naphezu kwalokhu kucindezela, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kwaba ngcono njengoba abalimi kanye nemiphakathi yamukela izinhlelo eziqinile, ezikhiqizayo jikelele.
3. I-Terracing Nokuthuthukiswa Kwemakethe: Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1950 kanye nawo-1960, amaqembu omsebenzi wendawo akhuthaza izindlela ezintsha zokubeka ithala ngenkathi ukulima kushintshela ekukhiqizeni okunamandla kanye nezilimo ezinenani eliphezulu. Imigwaqo, izimakethe, izindawo zokucubungula, nezimboni ezincane zandisa amathuba ezomnotho.
4. Izimbuyiselo Zezomnotho Ezingcono: Ngo-1990, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kwase kuphindwe kabili kumuntu ngamunye. Ingqalasizinda, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese, amakhono okuphatha, amaqembu okuzisiza, usizo lwesomiso, kanye nobunikazi bomhlaba obuvikelekile kusekela lolu shintsho oluhle lwezolimo. Ukufaneleka komhlaba kanye nokwabiwa futhi ibe nomthelela kule miphumela.
5. Ubufakazi Bokuqiniswa: Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Machakos kukhombisa ukuthi ukukhula kwenani labantu kungadala kanjani izikhuthazo zokuqiniswa kunokuncipha okungenakugwenywa. Kodwa-ke, lezo zinzuzo zincike ezikhungweni, emathubeni okutshala izimali, ingqalasizinda, ulwazi, izimakethe, kanye nezimo zomphakathi ezisekelayo, ukuqonda umhlabathi okufanele.
Izifundo ZaseNtshonalanga Afrika Zomhlaba WezoLimo
Ubufakazi obufanayo buvele ezindaweni ezomile zaseNtshonalanga Afrika, okuhlanganisa neSifundazwe saseKano eNigeria, Isifunda saseDiourbel saseSenegal, kanye noMnyango waseMaradi waseNiger, lapho ukwanda kwenani labantu kuhambisana nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yomhlaba.
Abacwaningi bathola ukuthuthukiswa noma ukuzinza ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi, ukukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kwe-ecosystem, kanye nemali engenayo lapho abalimi bekwazi ukufinyelela izimakethe, imigwaqo, izinhlangano zabakhiqizi, ulwazi, kanye nezisusa eziqinile zokutshala imali emapulazini abo.
Ngakho-ke imithombo yomhlaba namanzi kufanele kucatshangelwe ndawonye ngoba ukukhiqiza kwezolimo kuncike esimweni senhlabathi, imvula, ukuchelela, ukugeleza kwamanzi, kanye nokutholakala kwamanzi okuthembekile. Ukuphatha okubuthakathaka kwanoma iyiphi insiza kungabukela phansi ukusebenza kwepulazi.
Ukutholakala kwe okumbiwayo kwendalo kukodwa akuqinisekisi ukukhiqizwa okusimeme. Izinga lomhlaba, ukutholakala kwamanzi, ubuchwepheshe, abasebenzi, izimo zemakethe, nokusekelwa kwesikhungo kuyasebenzisana ukuze kutholwe ukuthi abalimi baguqula kanjani izinsiza zibe ukudla nemali engenayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwepulazi nakho kudinga amanzi anokwethenjelwa ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kungase kuphazamiseke lapho imithombo yokunisela ingcoliswa, incipha, noma ivikelwe kabi. Isebenza kahle ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi ngakho-ke isekela kokubili ukukhiqiza nokuzinza kwemvelo.
Izinto Ezinomthelela emiphumeleni yokucekelwa phansi komhlaba
1. Izimo Zomzimba: Izimo zemvelo zinethonya elinamandla ekuwohlokeni komhlaba wezolimo ngoba ukuthambekela, ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi, ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukushuba kwemvula, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokumboza kwezitshalo kuthinta ingozi yokuguguleka, ukunyakaza kwamanzi, ukugcinwa kwezakhi kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo kuzo zonke izindawo ezitshaliwe.
2. Ikhwalithi Yamanzi: Izinga lamanzi nalo libalulekile ngoba amanzi okunisela angcolile angangenisa usawoti, imisoco, amagciwane, nezinye izinto ezinhlelweni zezolimo. Ngakho-ke ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi kudinga ukuvikela imithombo kanye nokulawula ukungcola okufika emapulazini ngokusebenzisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngempumelelo.
3. Ukunyakaza Kwentlenga: Ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi kunikeza esinye isixhumanisi esibalulekile phakathi kokucekelwa phansi komhlaba nezinhlelo zamanzi. Umhlabathi ogugulekile ungathuthwa usuka emasimini uyiswe emiseleni, emifudlaneni, emifuleni, nasemachibini, wehlise izinga lamanzi futhi uthwale ukungcola okuhambisana nakho, njengoba kuchazwe izinqubo zokuthutha intlenga.
4. Izimila Nekhava Yomhlaba: Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kungase kukhulise ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba lapho ukususwa kwezitshalo kuveza inhlabathi, kushintsha ukuhamba kwamanzi, kunciphisa indawo yokuhlala, futhi kwenza buthaka isivikelo esingokwemvelo ekugugulekeni. Ngakho-ke ukwanda kwezolimo kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezimila ezisele kanye nemvelo ezungezile.
5. Izimo Zezomnotho Nezenhlalakahle: Ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba kuphinde kuthinteke ngendlela imiphakathi esabela ngayo ekuntuleni. Lapho abalimi bebhekene nezintengo ezingazinzile, indawo yokuhlala engavikelekile, isikweletu esilinganiselwe, noma ingqalasizinda empofu, bangase bathwale kanzima ukuxhasa ngezimali ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi eside.
Ukukhula Kwesibalo Sabantu Kanye Nokusetshenziswa Komhlaba Esimeme
Ukwanda kwenani labantu akuyona incazelo edingekayo noma eyanele yokucekelwa phansi komhlaba wezolimo. Imithelela yako incike ezimeni zezomnotho, izikhungo, ubuchwepheshe, izimakethe, inhlangano yezenhlalo, kanye nendawo ebonakalayo kuzo zonke izimo zasemakhaya ezihlukene.
Ukukhula ngokushesha kungakhuphula ingcindezi emhlabathini olinywayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintekenteke lapho abalimi benezinto ezimbalwa abangakhetha kuzo. Ukulinywa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukufushanisa izikhathi zokufuya, ukuklaba ngokweqile, nokususwa kwezimila kungandisa ukucindezeleka kwenhlabathi nesimiso sezinto eziphilayo.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bangahlinzeka ngemisebenzi, amakhono, izimakethe, kanye namabhizinisi asekela ukuqiniswa kwezolimo. Umphumela uncike ekutheni izinqubomgomo nezinhlelo zezomnotho zenza ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhiqizayo kube nomvuzo kunokusebenzisa isikhathi esifushane.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukuguqulwa kwezimila zibe indawo yokulima kungasusa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kwenze buthaka izindawo ezihlala kuzo, futhi kwandise ukuguguleka. Ngakho-ke, ukunwetshwa komhlaba okunesibopho kufanele kucatshangelwe imiphumela yokucekelwa phansi kwezitshalo ngaphambi kokuthi izindawo ezintsha zingene ekukhiqizeni.
Izikhungo eziqinile zingaqinisa imiphumela emihle ngokweseka amalungelo omhlaba, izinsizakalo zokwelulwa, izindinganiso zemvelo, ukuphathwa kwamanzi, ingqalasizinda, izinhlangano zabakhiqizi, kanye nokufinyelela kubuchwepheshe obufanele obuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwepulazi kuyilapho kuvikela izinsiza.
Ukuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile nakho kudinga ukunakwa ngoba ukuchithwa okungaphathwa kahle kungathinta umhlaba wokulima, izimpahla zokunisela, izinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi, nokuphepha kwezitshalo. Ukuphatha kahle amanzi angcolile kusekela ukulima okuphephile futhi kuqinile isikhathi eside ukuphathwa kwemvelo.
Izimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho nazo zibalulekile. Imfundo, ukungalingani, amathuba okuhlukahluka, ukufinyelela ezezimali, nezimakethe ezinobulungiswa kunganquma ukuthi amakhaya anawo yini amandla okwanele okutshala ekubuyiselweni komhlaba nasekukhiqizeni okusimeme.
Funda Futhi: Ukuphathwa Kwezinsiza Zomhlaba kanye Nezimbiwa
Izindlela Ezisebenzayo Zokuthuthukisa Umhlaba Wezokulima
1. Buyisela Impilo Yenhlabathi: Ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba wezolimo kudinga izinyathelo ezihlelekile ezibuyisela izinga lomhlabathi, zigcine ukumbozwa kwezitshalo, zithuthukise ukuphathwa kwamanzi, futhi zidale izimo zomnotho eziklomelisa ubuphathi besikhathi eside futhi zivikele izinsiza kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuphila okunempilo kwabalimi.
2. Sebenzisa Izindlela Zokonga: Abalimi bangathuthukisa umhlaba owonakele ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokonga okunciphisa ukuguguleka, ukubuyisela izinto eziphilayo, ukuphatha imisoco ngokucophelela, nokuvikela isakhiwo senhlabathi. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kangcono uma ziqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezifanele kanye nezimo zendawo.
3. Sebenzisa Kabusha Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Eziphilayo: Ukuphatha kahle imfucuza nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono lapho izinsalela zezolimo ezifanele kanye nezinto eziphilayo ziguqulwa ngokuphephile zibe izichibiyelo zenhlabathi. Ukusebenzisa kabusha nokuvuselela kabusha kunciphisa izingcindezi zokulahla ngenkathi kubuyisela imisoco noma ikhabhoni ezinhlelweni ezikhiqizayo.
4. Qinisa Izikhungo Zikahulumeni: Izikhungo zikahulumeni zineqhaza elibalulekile ekusekeleni ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba ngokunwetshwa, ucwaningo, ingqalasizinda, ukuqapha imvelo, ukuhlala okuvikelekile, izindlela zokusiza ngezimali, kanye nezinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukuphathwa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele kuzo zonke izindawo zezolimo, okuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kokungcola kwesikhungo.
5. Yehlisa Izingozi Zezempilo Ezemvelo: Ukulawulwa okungcono kwemfucuza nokungcola kuvikela inhlabathi namanzi kuyilapho kunciphisa izinsongo kubalimi, imfuyo, izitshalo, kanye nemiphakathi ezungezile. Ukuqonda imiphumela yezemvelo nempilo ingaqondisa izinqumo zezolimo eziphephile.
6. Qapha Imiphumela Yezomnotho: Ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kufanele kuhlanganise ulwazi lomlimi nolwazi lwesayensi nolwazi lwendawo. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuvunda komhlabathi, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, isivuno, uhlaza, izimo zamanzi, kanye nemali engenayo yekhaya kungaveza ukuthi izinguquko zokuphatha ziletha izinzuzo ezihlala njalo kuyilapho zinciphisa. ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho ekulimaleni kwemvelo.
Isifinyezo Sezici Ezibalulekile Zokucekelwa phansi Komhlaba Wezokulima noma Ukuthuthukiswa
| Isici | Isifinyezo |
|---|---|
| Ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba wezoLimo | Ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi, izimila, izimo zamanzi, noma imisebenzi yomhlaba enciphisa ukukhiqiza kwezolimo nokusebenza kwemvelo. |
| Umbuthano Ononya | Ubumpofu, ingcindezi yezinsiza, ukwehla kokukhiqiza, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okulinganiselwe kungaqinisana futhi kusheshise ukuwohloka. |
| I-Boserupian Hypothesis | Ukukhula kwenani labantu kungakhuthaza ukuqina, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali uma kunezimo ezisekelayo. |
| Ubufakazi baseMachakos | I-Kenya ikhombise ukuthi ukukhula kwenani labantu kungaqondana nokukhiqiza okuphezulu lapho izimakethe, ingqalasizinda, indawo yokuhlala, ulwazi, kanye namathuba okutshala imali eba ngcono. |
| Amathonya Abalulekile | Umhlabathi, isimo sezulu, uhlaza, amanzi, izimakethe, izikhungo, ubuchwepheshe, ezezimali, ingqalasizinda, imfundo, nezimo zezenhlalo zinethonya emiphumeleni yomhlaba. |
| Ukuthuthukiswa Komhlaba | Ukongiwa kwemvelo, ukubuyiselwa komhlabathi, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele, izikhungo eziqinile, ukuqapha kanye nezinhlelo zezomnotho ezisekelayo kungathuthukisa umhlaba wokulima. |
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngokucekelwa phansi Komhlaba Wezolimo noma Ukuthuthukiswa: Izinto Ezibalulekile
1. Kuyini ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba wezolimo, futhi kungani kubalulekile kubalimi, ukukhiqizwa kokudla, izimpilo zasemaphandleni, kanye nemisebenzi yesikhathi eside yezemvelo umhlaba onempilo oyinikeza izizukulwane ezizayo nemiphakathi?
Kubalulekile ngoba ukwehla kwekhwalithi yenhlabathi, ukumbozwa kwezitshalo, noma izimo zamanzi kunganciphisa isivuno, kwenyuse izindleko zokukhiqiza, kwenze buthaka ukuqina, futhi kusongela izinsiza zemvelo ukulima okuncike kuzo emiphakathini yabalimi.
2. Ingabe ukukhula kwenani labantu kuhlale kubangela ukuwohloka komhlaba wezolimo, noma ingabe abantu abaningi basemaphandleni bangakwazi yini ukukhuthaza ukulima okungcono nokuphathwa komhlaba ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zezomnotho nezikhungo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
Ukwanda kwabantu akubangeli ukuwohloka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kungase futhi kukhuthaze ukuqina lapho abalimi bezuza izimakethe, abasebenzi, ingqalasizinda, ubuchwepheshe, indawo yokuhlala evikelekile, ulwazi, kanye nezikhuthazo eziqinile zokutshala imali emhlabeni okhiqizayo.
3. Ithini incazelo enonya yokucekelwa phansi komhlaba wezolimo emiphakathini empofu yasemakhaya ebhekene nezidingo ezikhulayo zokudla, imali engenayo, uphethiloli, nezinye izinsiza kanye nokwehla kwezinga lemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
Ichaza inqubo yokuqinisa lapho ubumpofu bukhulisa ukuncika kumithombo yomhlaba, ukucindezela kwenani labantu kukhuphula isidingo, ukwehla komkhiqizo kujulisa ubumpofu, futhi umthamo olinganiselwe wokutshala izimali ukhuthaza ukuxhashazwa kwesikhashana esifushane phakathi nezinkathi eziningi zonyaka.
4. I-Boserupian hypothesis iphakamisa ini mayelana nengcindezi yabantu, ukuqina kwezolimo, ukutshalwa kwezimali emapulazini, ukukhiqiza, kanye nezinguquko zekhwalithi yomhlaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi phakathi nokushintsha kwezomnotho nezindawo zasemakhaya?
Iphakamisa ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwenani labantu kungashukumisa ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezisebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali emhlabeni, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi bakhulise umkhiqizo futhi ngezinye izikhathi bathuthukise izimo zemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
5. Yiziphi izifundo ezinikezwa abakwaMachakos eKenya mayelana nokukhula kwenani labantu, ukukhiqiza kwezolimo, izimakethe, ingqalasizinda, imisele, nokuphathwa ngempumelelo komhlaba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima endaweni ewugwadule emashumini amaningi eminyaka?
I-Machakos ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhula kwenani labantu kungaqondana nokukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe lapho imiphakathi ithola ukufinyelela emakethe, ingqalasizinda, amakhono okuthola indawo yokuhlala, indawo yokuhlala evikelekile, amathuba okutshala imali, ukuhleleka komphakathi, kanye nokusekelwa ngesikhathi sokushaqeka kwemvelo ezimeni ezinzima.
6. Yiziphi izici ezinquma ukuthi umhlaba wezolimo uhlangabezana nokuwohloka noma ukuthuthukiswa naphezu kokukhula kwenani labantu kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sokudla nezinsiza zasemapulazini ezindaweni ezahlukene, izinhlelo zokulima, izimo zezulu, kanye nendawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
Izici ezibalulekile zifaka izakhiwo zomhlabathi, isimo sezulu, umthambeka, uhlaza, indawo yokuhlala, izimakethe, ingqalasizinda, amanani, imfundo, ubuchwepheshe, ukufinyeleleka kwezikweletu, izinhlangano zabakhiqizi, ukubusa, namandla abalimi okutshala imali ukuze bathathe izinqumo nemiphumela yesikhathi eside.
7. Abalimi bangawuthuthukisa kanjani umhlaba wokulima owonakele kuyilapho begcina ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, belawula ukuguguleka komhlabathi, bebuyisela ukuvunda komhlabathi, futhi bevikela amanzi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zamapulazi nezimo zendawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
Abalimi bangasebenzisa ukulawulwa kokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukumboza izimila, ukulawulwa kwezakhi ezifanele, izichibiyelo zemvelo, ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo, izindlela ezifanele zokusebenzisa amanzi, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenhlabathi, kanye nezinyathelo zokongiwa kwendawo ukuze kukhiqizwe futhi kuqine.
8. Kungani izikhungo, izimakethe, kanye nezikhuthazi zomnotho zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komhlaba wezolimo ngokuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezinabantu abaningi futhi ezingenazo izinsiza lapho izinsiza zihlala zilinganiselwe futhi nezingozi ziphezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
Bathonya ikhono labalimi kanye nokuzimisela ukutshala imali. Amalungelo avikelekile, ukunwetshwa okuwusizo, izimakethe ezinokwethenjelwa, ingqalasizinda, ezezimali, nemithetho yezemvelo kungenza ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba kwesikhathi eside kusebenzeke futhi kuvuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Futhi sikukhuthaza ukuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa ngempela usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!
Funda Futhi: Izinyathelo Zezolimo Zokulawula Ukuguguleka Kwenhlabathi