Amanzi ahlanzekile asekela impilo yomuntu, ezolimo, izimboni, ukuthuthwa kwendle, ukudoba, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, kanye nezinqubo eziningi ze-ecosystem. Imifula, amachibi, amaxhaphozi, imifudlana, amadamu, nezinhlelo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kunikeza izinsiza imiphakathi ethembele kuzo nsuku zonke.
Imisebenzi yabantu ingafaka ingcindezi ekhulayo kule mithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile ngokungcoliswa, ukuhoxiswa kwamanzi ngokweqile, ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba, ezolimo, izimayini, izimboni, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza, nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kuzo zonke izindawo ezinamanzi.
Imvelo yamanzi ahlanzekile inezinqubo zemvelo ezingamunca, ziguqule, zihlambulule, futhi zisuse okunye ukungcola. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinqubo zinemikhawulo, ikakhulukazi lapho imithwalo engcolile, ukukhishwa kwezinsiza, noma ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yokuhlala kuba ngokweqisa.
Lapho izingcindezi zabantu zidlula amandla okusimama kwezinhlelo zamanzi ahlanzekile, izinga lamanzi lingehla, izindawo zokuhlala ziwohloke, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kungancipha, futhi imiphakathi ingathola ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho, ezempilo, kanye nemvelo.
Ngakho-ke ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwemisebenzi yabantu nokuvikelwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme. Isenzo esisebenzayo sidinga ukuvinjelwa kokungcola, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele, ukongiwa kwe-ecosystem, ukuqapha, ukwelashwa, nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi.
Imisebenzi Yabantu Ethinta Amanzi Ahlanzekile
1. Ukukhipha Amanzi: Imiphakathi yabantu ikhipha amanzi ahlanzekile ukuze aphuzwe, ukuchelelwa, imfuyo, ukukhiqiza, izimayini, ukuphehla ugesi, nezinye izinjongo. Ukudonswa ngokweqile kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwemifula, ukuncipha kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, futhi kwenze buthaka izindawo ezihlala emanzini.
2. Ukuhlanza Umhlaba: Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokususwa kwezitshalo kubeka inhlabathi emvuleni nasekugelezeni komhlaba. Ukuguguleka okukhulayo kungathutha inhlabathi emifuleni nasemifuleni, kuguqule imigudu, kunciphise ukucaca kwamanzi, futhi kulimaze izindawo ezihlala emanzini.
3. Ukwandiswa Kwezolimo: Ukulima kungathonya amanzi ahlanzekile ngokufaka umanyolo, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukulahlwa kwemfuyo, ukuchelela, ukugeleza kwamanzi, nokuphazamiseka kwenhlabathi. Imikhuba engemihle ingakhuphula ukugeleza kwezakhi, ukulethwa kwenhlabathi, nokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni: Izimboni nezindawo zokucubungula zingakhipha amanzi angcolile aqukethe izinto eziphilayo, amakhemikhali, uwoyela, okuqinile okumisiwe, imisoco, noma izinsimbi. Izilawuli ezisebenzayo zingavimbela lezi zinto ukuthi zifinyelele ezindaweni ezibucayi zamanzi ahlanzekile.
5. Imisebenzi Yezimayini: Izimayini zingaphazamisa umhlaba, zikhiqize izinhlaka, ziguqule amanzi, futhi zikhiphe ukungcola emigwaqweni yamanzi eseduze. Ukumba, ukumba, nokucubungula amaminerali kungase kwandise ikakhulukazi izingozi emifuleni, ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
6. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwedolobha: Imigwaqo, izakhiwo, izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi, nezindawo ezigandayiwe kushintsha amaphethini emvelo okugeleza. Ukwandiswa kwamadolobha kungakhuphula amanzi eziphepho angcolile, kunciphise ukungena, kuguqule iziteshi, futhi kubeke ingcindezi enkulu emithonjeni yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Isidingo samanzi ahlanzekile futhi sibonisa amaphethini abanzi okusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Umsindo ukuphathwa kwezinsiza zemvelo isiza imiphakathi ibhalansise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusimama kwesikhathi eside.
Ukongiwa kwamanzi kusabalulekile ngoba amanzi ahlanzekile asatshalaliswa ngokungalingani futhi abhekana nengcindezi evela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile, ukungcoliswa, kanye nokuwohloka kwesimiso semvelo. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kuvikela izimpahla zemizi, amapulazi, izimboni kanye nemvelo.
Funda Futhi: Izinhlobo Zamanzi Angcolile kanye Nezici Ezikhuthazayo Zokugaywa kabusha/Ukuphinda Zisetshenziswe
Izingozi Zekhwalithi Yamanzi Ezivela Ezenzweni Zabantu
Izinto ezenziwa abantu zingashintsha isimo samanzi ahlanzekile, amakhemikhali kanye nemvelo. Ukungcola kungase kuthule izinto ezithinta amazinga komoyampilo, izinga lokushisa, ukugxiliswa kwezakhi, ukucaca, i-asidi, nezinto eziphila emanzini.
Izinguquko endaweni ebonakalayo nazo zinethonya empilweni yamanzi ahlanzekile. Ukuhlolwa kwendawo ebonakalayo kanye nebhayoloji ukusiza ukuhlonza izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwemifula, uhlaza olungasogwini, imiphakathi yasemanzini, nezimo zezindawo zokuhlala.
Umsoco oweqile ophuma endle, umanyolo, imfucumfucu yezilwane, neminye imithombo kungavusa ulwelwe oludlulele kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo zasemanzini. Ukubola kwaleyo nto yemvelo kunganciphisa umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe otholakala ezintweni eziphila emanzini.
Ngakho-ke amanzi angcolile angase abe nezinkinga zemvelo ezifana ne-eutrophication, ukuncipha komoya-mpilo, ukwehla kwenhlabathi, ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali, nokungalingani kwezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zinguquko zinganciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo futhi zenze buthaka imisebenzi ye-ecosystem.
Okuningiliziwe izici zebhayoloji nezemvelo zamanzi angcolile khombisa ukuthi ukungcola kungayithinta kanjani imiphakathi yasemanzini, izimo zele-oksijini, amazinga ezakhi, ukucwiliswa kwenhlabathi, nezinye izici ezibalulekile zemvelo.
Izinto ezingcolisa amanzi zenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi zidale ubungozi obuhlukene bemvelo. Izigaba ezinkulu ezingcolisa amanzi zihlanganisa imikhiqizo ye-petroleum, izibulala-zinambuzane, izinsimbi ezisindayo, imfucumfucu eyingozi, izinto eziphilayo, izinsalela, izinto ezithathelwanayo, kanye nokungcola okushisayo.
Okunye ukungcola kuhlala kuphikelela ezinhlakeni noma ezicutshini zebhayoloji, kanti ezinye zihamba ngokushesha emanzini agelezayo. Imiphumela yabo incike ekugxiliseni isikhathi, isikhathi, izakhiwo ezingcolisayo, izimo zemvelo, kanye nezindlela zokuchayeka.
Imiphumela ebanzi ingaba nzima ngoba ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kuthinta impilo yabantu kanye nezindawo zasemanzini ngenkathi kwakhiwa izindleko ezengeziwe zokwelapha, ukubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem, ezokudoba, ezolimo, kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi.
Izindlela Zokungcolisa Zingene Ezinhlelweni Zamanzi Ahlanzekile
Izinto ezingcolisayo zingangena emanzini angenasawoti ngokuphuma okuqondile, ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukufakwa komkhathi, izindawo zokugcina ezivuzayo, ukuchitheka kwengozi, ukuguguleka, ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile, kanye nokuhamba kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angcolile evela emhlabeni ozungezile.
Amanzi angcolile asekhaya angathwala izinto eziphilayo, imisoco, amagciwane, okokuhlanza, okuqinile okumisiwe, nezinye izinto. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kunciphisa imithwalo engcolile ngaphambi kokuba amanzi angcolile afinyelele emifuleni, emachibini, ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, noma kumachibi.
Izici zamanzi angcolile zibalulekile ngoba ukugxilwa kokungcola namazinga okugeleza kuyehluka phakathi kwamakhaya, amabhizinisi, izimboni, izikhungo, neminye imithombo. Ukugeleza kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokwakheka ngakho-ke ziqondise izinqumo zokwelashwa kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola.
Ukugeleza kwezolimo kungathwala izinhlayiya zenhlabathi, umanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, imisoco, kanye nemfucumfucu yezilwane ikuyise emifuleni nasemifuleni phakathi nemvula. Lezi zinto zingase zandise ukuthuthumela, zikhuthaze ukukhula kolwelwe, noma zethule izinto ezinobuthi.
Ukungcoliswa komhlaba kudala izingozi zamanzi ahlanzekile ngoba imfucuza efakwe enhlabathini ingakhipha ukungcola ngokugeleza nokugeleza. Ukuqonda ukungcoliswa komhlaba kanye nemiphumela yako yemvelo isiza ukuchaza izindlela zokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okungafanele kungenza kube kubi kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile lapho imvula ikhukhula izinto ezilahliwe zizifaka emiseleni yokudonsa amanzi, emifudlaneni, ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, nasemifuleni. Imikhuba emihle yokulahlwa kwemfucuza inciphisa inani lokunukubezeka okufika emithonjeni yamanzi.
Imithombo kadoti ihluka kakhulu ezindlini, ezimakethe, emapulazini, ezibhedlela, ezimbonini, ezindaweni zokwakha, nasezindaweni zezentengiselwano. Iyabuyekeza imithombo kadoti kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo isiza ukukhomba izilawuli ezifanele.
Izikhungo zezimboni zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngoba eminye imfucuza iqukethe izinto eziyingozi. Imithelela kadoti wezimboni ingadlulela ngale kwemingcele yefekthri lapho ukungcola kungena emanzini, enhlabathini, emoyeni, emiseleni yokudonsa amanzi, noma kuma-ecosystem aseduze.
Indawo Yamanzi Ahlanzekile Nezinguquko Ezigelezayo
Imisebenzi yabantu ingashintsha izindawo ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile ngokususa uhlaza, ukuqondisa imigudu, ukwakha amadamu, ukukhipha amaxhaphozi, ukukha amanzi, ukwakha imigwaqo, kanye nokuguqula ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ozungezile ezindaweni ezinamanzi.
Ukuthuthwa kwenhlabathi ngokwemvelo kwenzeka emifuleni, kodwa ukuphazamiseka kwenhlabathi ngokweqile kungakhuphula ukulethwa kwenhlabathi. Imithombo ye-Sediment kanye nezinqubo zokuthutha chaza ukuthi umhlaba oveziwe ungathinta kanjani imigudu engaphansi komfula kanye nezindawo ezihlala emanzini.
Ukugcwala kwenhlabathi eningi kunganciphisa ukucaca kwamanzi, ukumboza izindawo ezihlala emanzini, kuphazamise izitshalo zasemanzini, futhi kuthinte nezinhlobo ezincike kuma-substrates ahlanzekile ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokukhosela, ukuzala, nokunyakaza.
Amadamu nezinye izithiyo zingashintsha ubuningi kanye nesikhathi sokugeleza kwemifula. Bangase futhi baguqule ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi, ukuxhumana kwendawo yokuhlala, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, nezimo ezidingwa yizinto eziphilayo ezihlala emanzini.
Ukuguqulwa kwamaxhaphozi kuveza okunye ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Amaxhaphozi agcina amanzi, ahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala, asekela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, futhi asize ukulawula ukugeleza. Ukucekelwa phansi kwazo kungakhuphula ukugeleza kwamanzi, kunciphise ukugcinwa kwemvelo, futhi kunciphise ukuqina kwemvelo.
Izindlela ezididiyelwe zezindawo ezinamanzi ziqaphela ubudlelwano phakathi komhlaba, amanzi, inhlabathi, izimila, izilwane zasendle kanye nemiphakathi yabantu. Ukuphathwa kwe-watershed edidiyelwe inikeza uhlaka lokuvikela lezi zinhlelo ezixhunyiwe.
Ukubuyiselwa kwezitshalo kungathuthukisa ukungena, kusimamise inhlabathi, ukugeleza kancane, futhi kuqinise imisebenzi yokugeleza kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke ukongiwa kwamanzi kuncike ngokwengxenye ekugcineni amahlathi, amaxhaphozi, izindawo ezingasogwini, kanye nezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ezinempilo.
Ukongiwa okusebenzayo nakho kudinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela kwezinsiza ngoba ukongiwa kwamanzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithombo inganciphisa ukucindezela kokunikezwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kuyilapho isekela imvelo nezidingo zabantu.
Izingozi Zezempilo Nezimpilo Zemisebenzi Yabantu
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kungathinta impilo yomuntu lapho amanzi angcolile esekela ukuphuza, ukupheka, ukugeza, ukuzijabulisa, ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo, ukuchelela, noma ukuvunwa kokudla ngaphandle kokuvikelwa nokwelashwa okwanele.
Izinto eziphilayo ezibangelwa yi-pathogenic eziphuma emfucumfucu engagezwanga kanye nokunye okulahlwayo kungangcolisa amanzi. Ukuthuthwa kwendle nokungaphathwa kahle kwamanzi angcolile ngakho-ke kwandisa amathuba okuba sengozini yezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezinkinga zempilo yemvelo ehambisana nazo.
Imfucuza ingadala izindlela eziningi zokuchayeka. Imiphumela yemvelo nempilo yemfucuza kubandakanya ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukulimala kwemvelo, ubungozi bokuchayeka, neminye imiphumela ehlobene nokungaphathwa kahle nokulahlwa kahle.
Okunye ukungcola kwamakhemikhali kunganqwabelana ezintweni eziphilayo futhi kudlule ezingosini zokudla. Lokhu kudala ukukhathazeka ngemiphakathi ethembele ezinhlanzini nakwezinye izisetshenziswa zasemanzini ukuze bathole ukudla noma ingeniso.
Imvelo yamanzi ahlanzekile isekela ukudoba, ukulima, ezokuvakasha, ukuzijabulisa, ezokuthutha kanye namabhizinisi amaningi endawo. Ukungcola noma umonakalo wendawo yokuhlala kunganciphisa ukukhiqiza, kukhuphule izindleko zokuphatha, futhi kunciphise izimpilo ezincike ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezinempilo.
Ukungcoliswa kwezimboni kungandisa lezi zingozi lapho amafekthri ekhipha ukungcola okungakapheki noma okungaphathwa kahle. Imfucumfucu yasezimbonini ingase ibe namakhemikhali, izinsimbi, uwoyela, imisoco, nezinye izinto ezibeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yamanzi nempilo yasemanzini.
Ubufakazi bakamuva imithelela kadoti wezimboni kubantu nasemvelweni ikhombisa ukuthi kungani ukulawulwa kwamanzi angcolile, ukuqapha, ukukhiqiza okunomthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokuvimbela ukungcola kuhlala kubalulekile ezindaweni zezimboni.
Imiphakathi iphinde ibhekane nezingozi zezomnotho lapho izinga lamanzi ahlanzekile lehla. Izindleko ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise ukugezwa kwamanzi, izindleko zokwelashwa, ukulahlekelwa ukukhiqiza, ukuncipha kwezindawo zokudoba, ezolimo ezilimele, ukubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem, nokugcinwa kwengqalasizinda.
Izingozi Zamanzi Ahlanzekile Ezivela Kwezolimo Nezimboni
1. I-Agricultural Runoff: Ukuna kwemvula kungageza umanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, inhlabathi, kanye nemfucumfucu isuka emapulazini iye emiseleni yamanzi eseduze. Ukusebenzisa ngokucophelela, ukulawula ukuguguleka, uhlaza oluyisivikelo, kanye nokuchelela ngendlela efanele kunganciphisa lezi zindlela zokungcola.
2. Ukungcola Kwezimboni: Izimboni zingase zikhiqize amanzi angcolile aqukethe izinto eziphilayo, uwoyela, amakhemikhali, izinsimbi, imisoco, noma okuqinile okumisiwe. Ukwelashwa nokukhishwa okulawulwayo kusiza ukunciphisa ukugcwala kokungcola ngaphambi kokuba ukungcola kufinyelele ekutholeni amanzi.
3. Ukungcola Kwezimayini: Izimayini zingakhuphula ukuguguleka, ukugcwala kwemifula, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokuchayeka ezinsimbini noma kwezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ukulawula indawo efanele, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, ukuqapha, nokubuyisela kunganciphisa lezi zingcindezi zemvelo.
4. Ukukhipha Amanzi Angcolile: Amanzi angcolile asekhaya nawezimboni kufanele athole ukwelashwa okufanele ngaphambi kokukhululwa noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha. Ukwelashwa kunciphisa amagciwane, okuqinile, imisoco, izinto eziphilayo, amakhemikhali, nokunye ukungcola okungalimaza imvelo yamanzi ahlanzekile.
5. Amanzi eziphepho zasemadolobheni: Ukugeleza okuvela emigwaqweni, ezimakethe, ezindaweni zokwakha, nasezindaweni ezithuthukisiwe kungathwala udoti, uwoyela, izinhlayiya, amakhemikhali, nokunye ukungcola kuyise kumapayipi amanzi nasemigwaqweni yemvelo yamanzi.
6. Ukulahlwa Kwemfucuza Okungalungile: Ukulahla udoti emiseleni, emifudlaneni, osebeni lwemifula, noma ezindaweni ezivulekile kuvumela amanzi emvula ukuthi ahlanganise ukungcola. Ukuncishiswa kwemithombo, ukuqoqwa okufanele, ukugaywa kabusha, ukwelashwa, nokulahlwa okuphephile kunganciphisa izingozi zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukuvimbela ukungcola kufanele kuqale ngaphambi kokuba ukungcola kufinyelele emanzini. Amasu okunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi zihlanganisa ukwelashwa, izimiso, ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, ukuqapha, ukuqwashisa, kanye nezinqubo zokulahla ezinomthwalo wemfanelo.
Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini adinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ngoba izimboni ezahlukene zikhiqiza ukungcola okuhlukene. Izinqubo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini inganciphisa ukugxila kokungcolisa futhi isekele ukukhipha okuphephile noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha okufanele.
Funda Futhi: Izinjongo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Nezinqubo Zokuhlanza Amanzi
Izinyathelo Zokongiwa Zokuvikela Amanzi Ahlanzekile
Ukuvikelwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kudinga isinyathelo sokuvimbela ngoba ukulawula ukungcola kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kubize ngemva kokuba ukungcola kungene emifuleni, izinhlelo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amaxhaphozi, amachibi, nezinye izindawo ezixhumene.
1. Yehlisa Ukungcola Emthonjeni: Ukuvimbela ukungcola ngaphambi kokukhishwa kusengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu. Izinsiza kanye nemizi kufanele inciphise ukuphehlwa kukadoti, ilawule ukuchitheka, ilawule amakhemikhali, futhi igweme ukukhishwa okungadingekile.
2. Thuthukisa Ukulawulwa Kwemfucuza: Ukuqoqwa okufanele, ukuhlukaniswa, ukwelashwa, ukusetshenziswa kabusha, ukugaywa kabusha, kanye nokulahlwa kokugcina kuvimbela imfucuza ukuthi ingafinyeleli ezinhlelweni zokudonsa amanzi kanye nezindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile. Izinqubo ezifanele zokunciphisa udoti ukusekela ukuvimbela emthonjeni.
3. Vikela izindawo zamanzi: Ukugcina uhlaza, amaxhaphozi, izindawo ezigcina umfula, nenhlabathi enempilo kusiza ukulawula ukugeleza nokuguguleka. Ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zamanzi futhi kusekela ukungena, ukushajwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, nokuzinza kwemvelo engaphansi komfula.
4. Yonga Amanzi: Ukunisela ngendlela efanele, ukuvimbela ukuvuza, ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela kwasekhaya, ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni, nokusetshenziswa kabusha okufanele kunganciphisa ukuhoxiswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Ukongiwa kwemvelo kuvikela izinsiza ngenkathi kugcinwa ukutholakala kwamanzi kubantu kanye nemvelo.
5. Phatha Amanzi Angcolile: Amasistimu okwelapha kufanele afane nezici zamanzi angcolile kanye nezimo ezihlosiwe zokuwakhipha noma ukuphinda asetshenziswe. Izinqubo ezisebenzayo zingasusa izinto eziqinile, izinto eziphilayo, imisoco, amagciwane, amakhemikhali, nezinye izinto eziyingozi ngaphambi kokukhululwa.
6. Qinisa Ukuqwashisa Ngemvelo: Imiphakathi, amabhizinisi, abalimi, izikole, nezikhungo zidinga ulwazi olusebenzayo mayelana nokuvikelwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kukhuthaza ukuchithwa okunomthwalo wemfanelo, ukongiwa, ukubika, ukuqapha, nokwesekwa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo.
Ukuphathwa kwemvelo kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ukuvikela ukungcola, ukongiwa, ukwelashwa, ukuqapha, kanye nokuphoqelela ukusebenza ndawonye. Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokuphatha imvelo ingasekela ukuvikelwa okuhlanganisiwe kwemithombo yemvelo.
Ohulumeni nezikhungo nazo zidinga izibopho ezicacile kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzayo. Amalungiselelo ezikhungo zokulawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ingaqinisa ukulawulwa kwezinga lamanzi, ukulawulwa, ukuthuthwa kwendle, ukuqapha kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa.
Ukuqapha kanye Nokuphathwa Kwamanzi Ahlanzekile Okuqhubekayo
Ukuvikelwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kudinga ukuqapha njalo ngoba izimo zemvelo ziyashintsha nezinkathi zonyaka, imvula, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, imithwalo yokungcola, ukuhoxiswa kwamanzi, amaphethini okuthuthukiswa, kanye nezimpendulo zemvelo.
Izinhlelo zokuqapha zingahlola izinga lokushisa, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, i-turbidity, imisoco, ukungcola, ukugeleza, isimo sendawo yokuhlala, imiphakathi yebhayoloji, nezinye izinkomba eziveza izinguquko kukhwalithi yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ulwazi lwebhayoloji luwusizo ikakhulukazi ngoba izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zisabela ezimweni zemvelo ezinqwabelene. Ukuhlanganisa ukubonwa komzimba, amakhemikhali, kanye nebhayoloji kunikeza ubufakazi obunamandla bokubona ukucekelwa phansi kwamanzi ahlanzekile.
Iziphathimandla zezemvelo nazo zidinga ulwazi oluthembekile lokuhlela nokuphoqelela. Ukuqapha kungakhomba imithombo yokungcola, kuhlole ukusebenza kokwelashwa, kuhlonze izinkinga ezivelayo, futhi kuqondise izinqumo mayelana nokubuyiselwa nokwabiwa kwezinsiza.
Ukuhlanza amanzi kuhlala kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela lapho imisebenzi yabantu ithinte ikhwalithi yomthombo. Izinjongo zokwelashwa kwamanzi nezinqubo kubandakanya ukususa ukungcola okubonakalayo kanye nokunciphisa ama-microorganisms ayingozi nezinto.
I-Sedimentation ingasekela ukwelashwa ngokukhipha izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ngaphambi kwezinqubo zakamuva. I-Sedimentation ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile isiza ukuhlukanisa izinto ezilungisekayo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kokwelashwa okulandelayo.
Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile nakho kungasekela ukutholwa kwezinsiza lapho amanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziswa kabusha. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha okufanele kungase kunciphise ukucindezela kwamanzi ahlanzekile kuyilapho kunikeza amanzi okulima, imboni, ukwakheka kwezwe, noma ezinye izinjongo ezifanele.
Ngakho-ke ukuvikela isikhathi eside kudinga indlela edidiyelwe ehlanganisa imisebenzi yabantu enomthwalo wemfanelo, ukuvimbela ukungcola, ukongiwa, ukwelashwa, ukuqapha, ukubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem, izikhungo eziphumelelayo, nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi.
Isifinyezo Ngezingozi Zamanzi Ahlanzekile Zemisebenzi Yabantu: Izimbangela Nemiphumela
| Indawo | Ingozi Enkulu noma Ukubaluleka |
|---|---|
| Ukukhipha Amanzi | Ukuhoxa ngokweqile kunganciphisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile, ukugeleza kwemifula, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, nezimo zendawo yokuhlala emanzini. |
| Ikhwalithi Yamanzi | Ukungcola kungangenisa imisoco, amagciwane, amakhemikhali, izinsalela, uwoyela, izinsimbi, nokunye ukungcola emanzini ahlanzekile. |
| I-Aquatic Ecosystems | Ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, izinguquko zokugeleza, kanye nokucwiliswa kwenhlabathi kunganciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nokukhiqiza kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo. |
| Ezolimo | Ukugeleza kwamanzi kungathutha umanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, izinsalela, nemfucumfucu iyise ezimisweni zamanzi ahlanzekile. |
| Imboni | Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini angase aqukathe izinto eziphilayo, amakhemikhali, uwoyela, imisoco, okuqinile okumisiwe, nezinsimbi ezidinga ukwelashwa. |
| Impilo Yomphakathi | Amanzi angcolile angachaya imiphakathi kumagciwane namakhemikhali ayingozi. |
| Indlela yokuziphilisa | Ukuwohloka kwamanzi kungathinta izindawo zokudoba, ukulima, ezokuvakasha, ezokungcebeleka, kanye neminye imisebenzi yezomnotho. |
| Ukongiwa kwemvelo | Ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zamanzi, ukongiwa kwamanzi, ukuvimbela ukungcola, ukwelashwa, ukuqapha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo ngendlela efanele kunciphisa ubungozi besikhathi eside. |
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nezingozi Zamanzi Ahlanzekile Zemisebenzi Yabantu: Izimbangela Nemiphumela
1. Yiziphi izinto ezenziwa abantu ezithinta amanzi ahlanzekile?
Imisebenzi emikhulu ihlanganisa ezolimo, izimboni, izimayini, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza, ukumuncwa kwamanzi ngokweqile, kanye nemisebenzi eshintsha izindawo zokuhlala zamanzi ahlanzekile noma amaphethini okugeleza kwemvelo.
2. Imisebenzi yabantu idala kanjani ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile?
Zethula ukungcola ngamanzi angcolile, ukugeleza, ukuchitheka kwamakhemikhali, ukuchithwa kwezimboni, indle, imfucumfucu yezolimo, ukusebenza kwezimayini, nokulahlwa okungafanele kwemfucumfucu eqinile newuketshezi.
3. Ezolimo ziyithinta kanjani imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile?
Ezolimo zingakhuphula imisoco, izibulala-zinambuzane, inzika, kanye nokungcoliswa kwemfuywa ngenkathi ukuchelela kungakhuphula ukuhoxiswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuhlala kungasebenzi kahle.
4. Kungani amanzi angcolile ezimbonini eyinkinga?
Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini angase aqukathe amakhemikhali, uwoyela, izinsimbi, imisoco, izinto eziphilayo, nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe ezingehlisa izinga lamanzi ahlanzekile futhi zilimaze izinto eziphila emanzini ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele.
5. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuwathinta kanjani amanzi ahlanzekile?
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kungakhuphula ukugeleza nokuguguleka, kuthuthe inhlabathi eningi emanzini, kunciphise ukungena ngaphakathi, kuguqule izimo zokugeleza, futhi kwenze buthaka ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zamanzi zemvelo.
6. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kungayithinta kanjani indlela yokuziphilisa?
Ukungcola kunganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi, kuthinte ezolimo, kwenyuse izindleko zokwelashwa, konakalise amathuba okuzilibazisa, kusongela ezokuvakasha, futhi kunciphise imali engenayo evela emisebenzini yezomnotho encike emanzini ahlanzekile.
7. Yini imiphakathi engayenza ukuze ivikele amanzi ahlanzekile?
Imiphakathi inganciphisa ukungcola, yonge amanzi, ivikele izitshalo, igcine izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi, ivimbele ukungcola, isekele ukucocwa kwamanzi angcolile, igade imithombo yamanzi endawo, futhi ikhuthaze ukuqwashisa ngemvelo.
8. Kungani kubalulekile ukuvikela indawo yamanzi?
Izikhungo zamanzi zixhuma izinhlelo zomhlaba namanzi. Ukuwavikela kusiza ekulawuleni ukugeleza, ukuguguleka, ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukugcwala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nekhwalithi yemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile awela phansi.
9. Kungani kudingekile ukuqapha amanzi ahlanzekile?
Ukuqapha kukhomba izinguquko kukhwalithi yamanzi, amazinga okungcola, izimo zokugeleza, indawo yokuhlala, nemiphakathi yasemanzini, kusiza abaphathi ukuthi babone izinkinga futhi bakhethe izindlela zokuvikela ezifanele noma zokubuyisela.
10. Uyini umgomo oyinhloko wokuphathwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile?
Umgomo oyinhloko ukuvikela ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nenani kuyilapho kugcinwa imvelo enempilo, ukusekela izidingo zabantu, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa, nokuqinisekisa imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile esimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Futhi sikukhuthaza ukuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa kakhulu usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!
Funda Futhi: I-Agric4Profits Composting kanye ne-Organic Input Calculator