Ukulawulwa Kwezinsalela Zezibulala-zinambuzane Ezinkomeni Nakuma-Pulses

Izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezisanhlamvu nama-pulses zidinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela ngoba lokhu kudla kwakha izingxenye ezibalulekile zokudla futhi kungase kugcine amanani amancane amakhemikhali ngemva kokwelashwa okugunyaziwe kokuvikela izitshalo nemisebenzi yokugcina.

Ama-ejensi alawulayo ahlola ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphambi kokugunyazwa futhi abeke imikhawulo ehloselwe ukugcina ukuchayeka ekudleni ngaphakathi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo yokuphepha kubathengi, okuhlanganisa namaqembu asengozini njengezingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe.

I-Maximum Residue Limit, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-MRL, ichaza inani eliphakeme kakhulu lensalela yesibulala-zinambuzane evunyelwe endaweni noma endabeni yokudla lapho isibulala-zinambuzane sithola ukusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe ngokwezinqubo zezolimo ezigunyaziwe.

Okusanhlamvu nama-pulses, amazinga ensalela angabonisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimu, ukwelashwa ngemva kokuvuna, ukuvikelwa kwesitoreji, ukunyakaza kwemvelo, amazinga okufaka, izici zezitshalo, kanye nesikhathi phakathi kokwelashwa nokuvuna ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Ngakho-ke ukulawulwa okusebenzayo kuncike kubalimi, amabhizinisi okudla, amalabhorethri, abalawuli, kanye nabathengi ukuqonda ukuthi izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane zivela kanjani, ukuthi iziphathimandla zizihlola kanjani, nokuthi ukuthobela kusekela kanjani ukuphepha kokudla kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla.

Imikhuba emihle yokukhiqiza inciphisa ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali ngokungadingekile ngokufanisa ukukhetha kwesibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinkinga zezinambuzane kuyilapho kuhlonishwa izikhombisi-ndlela zelebula nezikhawu ezidingekayo. Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokuphatha imvelo futhi imithombo yokungcoliswa kokudla nikeza umongo ohlobene.

Funda Futhi: Izinsalela Zezibulala-zinambuzane Ezindaweni Okusanhlamvu Nezinhlamvu

Ukuqonda Izinsalela Zokubulala Izinambuzane Ezisanhlamvu

Insalela yesibulala-zinambuzane iyisibulala-zinambuzane, i-metabolite, umkhiqizo wokuguqulwa, umkhiqizo wokusabela, noma ukungcola okuhlobene okuhlala ekudleni ngemva kokusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe kwezibulala-zinambuzane zezolimo noma ngemva kokuvuna kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha echungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kokudla.

Izinsalela azisho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ukudla akuphephile. Ukuhlola okulawulayo kubheka ulwazi lwe-toxicological, ukuchayeka ekudleni okulindelekile, amaphethini okusetshenziswa kwezolimo, kanye nokuthi ingabe izinsalela zihlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo esemthethweni emisiwe yabathengi.

Okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okunjengommbila, irayisi, ukolweni, amabele, amabele, i-oats, nebhali kungathola ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezinambuzane, izifo, ukhula, noma izinambuzane eziwugcinayo ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhiqiza nasezindaweni ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokulima.

Okusanhlamvu okufana nobhontshisi, uphizi, udali, nezinye izitshalo ezidliwayo zingase zithole ukwelashwa kokuvikela izitshalo, kuyilapho okusanhlamvu okugciniwe kanye nama-pulses kungadinga ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ezinambuzaneni ngesikhathi sokulondoloza.

Izinsalela zingase zehle ngemva kokufaka isicelo ngokonakala nezinye izinqubo, kodwa izinga liyahlukahluka kuye ngekhemikhali yesibulala-zinambuzane, izimo zemvelo, izici zezitshalo, ukucutshungulwa, kanye nesikhawu ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa noma ukuphathwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuqonda ukunyakaza kwezibulala-zinambuzane kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani amazinga ezinsalela ehluka phakathi kwempahla nezindawo; izici zomhlabathi, umswakama, isimo sezulu, isikhathi sokufaka isicelo, kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali kuthonya ukuziphatha kwezibulala-zinambuzane. I izimo zesayithi ezithinta ukuhamba kwezibulala-zinambuzane i-athikili ichaza lokhu kusebenzisana.

Ukuze uthole umongo wemvelo ojulile, ukunyakaza kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokumuncwa emhlabathini ichaza ukuthi amakhemikhali anganamathela kanjani ezinhlayiyeni zomhlabathi, ancibilike, anyakaze, noma aguquke kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ukudla ezilawulwayo nasezindaweni ezizungezile.

Ngokunjalo, izici ezinomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwezibulala-zinambuzane khombisa ukuthi kungani ukuphikelela kungahluka phakathi kwenhlabathi ngoba izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-pH, izinto eziphilayo, amagciwane, kanye namakhemikhali ezibulala-zinambuzane kusebenzisana ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kokuqondisa okufanele nezimo zasensimini.

I-MRLs Ivikela Kanjani Abathengi Bezinhlamvu

Ama-MRL ahlinzeka ngamaphuzu okuhambisana alinganisekayo ezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ekudleni, okuvumela abalawuli namabhizinisi okudla ukuthi anqume ukuthi impahla iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo ezisele ezisungulelwe isibulala-zinambuzane esithile ekulawuleni ukuphepha kokudla okusebenzayo.

I-Codex ichaza ama-MRL njengenqwaba yezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni noma eziqashelwa ekudleni nasekuphakeleni, ezivezwa ngamamiligremu ngekhilogremu futhi ngokusekelwe kuzinqubo zezolimo ezigunyaziwe kulo lonke uhwebo lokudla lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ama-MRL awameleli inani lensalela ehlosiwe yabalimi. Kunalokho, basekela izinqumo zokuphoqelela nokuhwebelana ngokubonisa izinga lensalela elihlobene nokuthobelana, nokugunyazwe ngokufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ekulawuleni ukuphepha kokudla okungokoqobo.

Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kuphinde kucubungule ukuchayeka kokudla kanye namanani ereferensi ye-toxicological, okuhlanganisa ukudla okwamukelekile kwansuku zonke okusetshenziswa ochwepheshe lapho behlola ukuchayeka kwabathengi isikhathi eside ezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ezimisiwe zokuphepha kokudla namuhla.

1. Ukuthobelana Nomthetho: Ama-MRL adala imikhawulo ecacile yezinsalela abakhiqizi, abacubunguli, abangenisa impahla ngaphandle, amalabhorethri, nabalawuli abangayisebenzisa lapho behlola ukuthi ingabe ama-cereal nama-pulse conloaders ayazanelisa yini izidingo ezisebenzayo zokuphepha kokudla kuzo zonke izimakethe.

2. Ukuvikelwa kwabathengi: Izindinganiso zensalela zisiza ukugcina ukuchayeka kokudla ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuphepha ehloliwe lapho izibulala-zinambuzane zisetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nezimo ezigunyaziwe, zisekela ukuvikelwa kwabathengi kuyo yonke iminyaka. I isiqondiso sokuphatha izinsalela siqinisa lesi simiso.

3. Ukulawulwa Kwezohwebo: Ama-MRL asiza iziphathimandla ukuthi zihlole okusanhlamvu okuvela kwamanye amazwe nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuthi izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe zingasebenzisa i-Codex noma izimfuneko zezwe okuyiwa kuzo ezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezitholakala ezimpahleni zokudla ezingena eziteshini zohwebo ezilawulwayo.

4. Ukuhlola Okungaguquguquki: Imikhawulo yensalela echaziwe ivumela amalabhorethri ukuthi aqhathanise ukugxilwa okulinganiselwe ngokumelene nezindinganiso eziqashelwayo, ukwenza ukugada, ukuhlola ukuthobela umthetho, izinqumo zokuphoqelela, nezenzo zokulungisa zihambisane kakhulu kuwo wonke amaketanga okunikezwa kokudla.

5. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngendlela efanele: Izinhlelo ze-MRL zikhuthaza abalimi ukuthi bahloniphe izitshalo ezigunyaziwe, amanani ezicelo, izikhawu zokwelashwa, kanye nezikhombisi-ndlela ezisekela ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokunqwabelana kwezinsalela ngokungadingekile. I ingxoxo yesibopho somkhiqizi wengeza umongo.

Imithombo Yezinsalela Zezibulala-zinambuzane Ezisanhlamvu

Izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane zingangena kokusanhlamvu kanye nezinhlamvu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ensimini lapho abalimi besebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-sikhunta, izibulala-zinambuzane, noma eminye imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ngqo ezitshalweni, emhlabathini, noma ezindaweni ezizungezile zokukhiqiza ngaphakathi kwamapulazi.

Ukwelashwa ngemva kokuvuna kungadala enye indlela. Izinhlamvu ezigciniwe zingase zithole izivikeli ezigunyaziwe noma ukufuthwa ukuze kulawuleke izinambuzane, okusho ukuthi izinqubo zokulondoloza zingathonya iphrofayela yokugcina yensalela yempahla ngaphambi kokudayiswa.

I-spray drift ingadlulisa amaconsi ezibulala-zinambuzane isuka kwenye insimu iye kwenye, kuyilapho ukugeleza kungasusa amakhemikhali endaweni ehlanzekile awayise emanzini aseduze, inhlabathi, imigudu yokukhipha amanzi, noma kwezinye izindawo ezizungezile. Lezi zindlela zingakhuphula ukuchayeka okungahlosiwe.

Umthamo ongalungile, ukufaka izicelo okuphindaphindiwe, imikhiqizo engafanele, noma ukwelashwa okusondele kakhulu ekuvuneni kungakhuphula amazinga ensalela ngaphezu kwalawo alindeleke ezenzweni zezolimo ezithobelayo kanye namaphethini okusetshenziswa agunyaziwe kuyo yonke imijikelezo yokukhiqiza.

Ukuphikelela kwendawo ezungezile kungase futhi kube nendaba lapho amakhemikhali amadala ehlala khona enhlabathini noma lapho izinto ezingcolile, izakhiwo zokugcina, izinto zokusebenza, noma imfucumfucu yezolimo inesandla ekuchayekeni okungahlosiwe kanye nokukhathazeka okuyinsalela ngokukhiqizwa kokudla.

Isihloko on imithombo yezinto eziyingozi ichaza ukuthi amakhemikhali ezolimo, iziqukathi ezilahliwe, ukuchithwa, nokungaphathwa kahle kungaletha kanjani izinto eziyingozi emapulazini nasezindaweni ezizungezile ngaphansi kokuqondisa okufanele.

Ngokufanayo, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziyingozi nezinobuthi igqamisa izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane njengendlela eyodwa edinga ukusetshenziswa okulawulwayo, ukuqapha, nokuphathwa kwemvelo okufanele ngaphakathi kwezidingo ezimisiwe zokuphepha kokudla kanye nokuqapha okujwayelekile kokulawula.

Ukuhlanzeka kwesitoreji nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane nakho kunomthelela ekuncikeni kumakhemikhali. Lapho ukwakheka okuhle kwesitoreji kanye nezinqubo zokuvimbela zisebenza ngempumelelo, abaqhubi bangase banciphise ukuvama kokwelashwa okungadingekile futhi banciphise ukukhathazeka kwensalela okugwemekayo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla.

Izici Ezithinta Amazinga Ensalela

1. Ukukhetha Izibulala-zinambuzane: Izithako ezihlukene zezibulala-zinambuzane ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ezitshalweni nasezindaweni ezizungezile, ngakho ukuphikelela kwezinsalela kuncike ngokwengxenye ezintweni zamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe, izici zokwakheka, nezindlela zokuwohloka ngaphansi kwezimo zendawo kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha.

2. Izinga Lokusebenza: Ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo omningi kunezimvume zelebula kungakhuphula amazinga ensalela futhi kudale izinkinga ezigwemekayo zokuphepha kokudla, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelashwa ngokweqile kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. I isiqondiso sokuhamba kwesibulala-zinambuzane igcizelela ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela.

3. Isikhathi Nesikhawu: Isikhathi esiphakathi kokufakwa kokugcina nokuvuna sithonya kakhulu izinsalela ngoba ukuwohloka kuyaqhubeka ngemva kokwelashwa, okuvumela ukugxila kwehle ngaphambi kokuba isilimo singene ohlelweni lokudla.

4. Izimo zesimo sezulu: Imvula, izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya kwelanga, umoya, kanye nomswakama kungaba nomthelela ekubekweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuwashwa, ukuwohloka, ukunyakaza, nokusebenzisana kwezitshalo, okubangele amaphethini ensalela ahluke phakathi kwezindawo nezinkathi zonyaka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

5. Izimo zokunqampuna kanye nesitoreji: Uhlobo lokusanhlamvu, umswakama wempahla, ukucubungula, izinga lokushisa lokulondoloza, ubude besikhathi sokuchayeka, kanye nokwelashwa kwangemva kokuvuna kungaba nomthelela ekutheni izinsalela ziphikelela kanjani noma zehla kanjani. Izimpendulo zokulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwemvelo bonisa ukuthi kungani ukuvimbela kubalulekile.

Ukulawulwa Kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane eNigeria

E-Nigeria, ukulawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuhilela izidingo ze-NAFDAC ezihlanganisa ukubhaliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukucatshangelwa kwezinsalela, ukusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe, ukulebula, nezinye izilawuli ezihloselwe ukusekela ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okuphephile kanye nokuvikelwa kwabathengi kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla okulawulwayo.

Imithetho kazwelonke isebenza ngokuhambisana nezinhlaka zomhlaba jikelele zokuphepha kokudla. I-Codex ithuthukisa izincomo zamazwe ngamazwe ze-MRL zezinhlanganisela zezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nempahla, kuyilapho amazwe angase asungule noma aphoqelele izimfuneko zikazwelonke ngokuvumelana nomthetho wendawo.

Ngakho-ke okusanhlamvu okungenisiwe kanye nama-pulses kungase kubhekane nokuhlolwa kwezinsalela ezindaweni lapho iziphathimandla ziqinisekisa khona ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ezisebenzayo ngaphambi kokuba imikhiqizo ingene ekusakazweni kwezentengiselwano noma imigudu yokuhweba elawulwayo ngaphansi kwezidingo ezisebenzayo zokuphepha kokudla.

I-Codex igcina isizindalwazi esiseshekayo sezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane eziqukethe ama-MRL kanye nama-MRL angaphandle wezinhlanganisela zezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nempahla, esekela ukufinyelela okusobala kumazinga ensalela yamazwe ngamazwe kubathengi namabhizinisi okudla ngaphansi kokuqondisa kokulawula.

Izindlela namathuluzi e-OECD nawo asekela umsebenzi wamakhemikhali ayinsalela, okuhlanganisa izindlela zezibalo ezisiza iziphathimandla nochwepheshe ukuba bathole noma baqhathanise imingcele yezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane kumasethi edatha ezinsalela ezigadiwe ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezimisiwe zokuvikela ukudla namuhla.

Amasistimu okulawula ancike ekuhlaziyweni okuthembekile kwelabhorethri ngoba umkhawulo wezinsalela osemthethweni unencazelo kuphela uma amasampula eqoqwe kahle, izindlela zokuhlaziya zisebenza ngokwanele, futhi imiphumela ihunyushwa ngokuphikisana nezinga elifanele lempahla.

Iziphathimandla zokuphepha kokudla zithembele ekubambisaneni komkhiqizi, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okubhalwe phansi, ukuhlola, ukugada, ukuphoqelela, kanye nesinyathelo sokulungisa lapho okutholakalayo kwensalela kubonisa ukungathobeli noma ukusetshenziswa kabi okungenzeka kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla. Isiqondiso sokuhlukaniswa kwezingozi isekela ukuphatha okulawulwayo.

I umhlahlandlela wokwenza kahle kakhulu wokuphathwa kwemvelo ihlinzeka ngohlaka olubanzi lokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ngendlela efanele, ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa komhlaba, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ezingokoqobo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezolimo kanye nemiphakathi ezungezile emapulazini nasezindaweni ezizungezile.

Umthetho usebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ukuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuhlanganisa izinqumo zepulazi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Okubanzi isipiliyoni sokuvimbela ukungcola futhi ikhombisa ukuthi kungani izilawuli zokungcola kufanele zivikele umhlabathi namanzi kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezolimo nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ukudla.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuphephile Kwezibulala-zinambuzane Ezinkomeni

1. Funda Ilebula: Abalimi kufanele basebenzise kuphela imikhiqizo egunyazwe isilimo esihlosiwe kanye nezinambuzane, belandela zonke izimfuneko zelebula eziphathelene nomthamo, indlela yokufaka isicelo, isikhathi, izinyathelo zokuvikela, kanye nezikhawu zokuvuna.

2. Faka Isicelo Kuphela Lapho Udingeka: Ukwelashwa kufanele kubhekane nezinkinga zangempela zezinambuzane kunokufafaza okuvamile noma okungadingekile, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kuyilapho kusekela ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okuphumelelayo kanye nokwehlisa izingozi ezinsalela kuwo wonke amapulazi okusanhlamvu.

3. Hlonipha izikhawu zangaphambi kokuvuna: Isikhathi esidingekayo phakathi kokufakwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nokuvuna sinikeza izinsalela isikhathi sokuncipha futhi kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi okusanhlamvu okuvuniwe kuhlala kungaphakathi kwezidingo ezisebenzayo zensalela ngaphambi kokumakethwa nokusetshenziswa.

4. Vimbela Ukungcoliswa Kwesitoreji: Izindawo zokugcina kufanele zihlale zihlanzekile, zomile, ziphethwe kahle, futhi zivikelekile ngendlela efanele ukuze ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwenzeka kuphela uma kunesidingo futhi ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zomkhiqizo ezigunyaziwe. Isiqondiso sesitoreji se-fumigant isekela ukuphatha okuphephile.

5. Gcina Amarekhodi Afanelekile: Ukurekhoda imikhiqizo, amanani, izinsuku, izinambuzane okuqondiswe kuzo, izinkambu ezilashwayo, abasebenzisi, nezinsuku zokuvuna kusekela ukulandeleka futhi kusiza abalimi ukuthi baphenye izinkinga zensalela. Abalimi kufanele babuyekeze izinzuzo fumigation kanye nebubi ngaphambi kwezinqumo zokwelashwa kwesitoreji.

Funda Futhi: Umthelela Wemfucumfucu Yezimboni Kubantu Nemvelo

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinsalela Nokuhambisana Nokudla

Ukuhlolwa kwezinsalela ngokuvamile kuqala ngamasampula amele ngoba imiphumela yaselabhorethri inenjongo kuphela lapho isampula eqoqiwe ibonisa ngokunembile inkatho noma umthwalo ohlolwayo ngezinjongo zokulawula nezinqumo zokuphepha kokudla.

Amalabhorethri ahlaziya amasampula kusetshenziswa izindlela eziqinisekisiwe eziklanyelwe ukuthola izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezibaluliwe ekugxilweni okuhambisana nezidingo zokulawula kanye nezinqumo zokuvikela abathengi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokuhlola ukudla nemisebenzi yokugada ukuze ithotshelwe.

Ukuhlola kungase kuhlole izinto ezingazodwana ezisebenzayo noma izincazelo zensalela ezihlanganisa ama-metabolite afanelekile, imikhiqizo yokuguqulwa, imikhiqizo yokusabela, noma ezinye izinhlanganisela ezicaciswe yindinganiso esebenzayo yokulawula yempahla ngayinye nesibulala-zinambuzane.

Imiphumela kufanele-ke iqhathaniswe ne-MRL esebenza kunhlanganisela yesibulala-zinambuzane nempahla efanele, ngoba imikhawulo yezinsalela ingahluka phakathi kwezitshalo, izimpahla, kanye nezindawo zokulawula ngokuvumelana namazinga amisiwe.

Lapho imiphumela yeqa umkhawulo osebenzayo, iziphathimandla zingase ziphenye imbangela, zibuyekeze amarekhodi ezibulala-zinambuzane, zihlole ukukhiqizwa noma izindlela zokulondoloza, futhi zinqume izinyathelo zokulungisa. Lapho ukungcola kwamanzi kunomthelela, izinqubo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile hlinzeka ngezilawuli ezifanele zemvelo.

Amabhizinisi okudla anganciphisa ukungaqiniseki kokuthobela imithetho ngokuthenga kubahlinzeki abalandelekayo, ukugcina ukuhlonza indawo, kanye nokusekela izinhlelo zokuhlola lapho kudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinsalela. I imithelela ebanzi yemfucuza futhi kufanele ukunakwa.

Izinhlelo ezinhle zokuthobelana nazo zidinga amazinga anembayo, izibalo ezifanele, ukulawulwa kwemithetho, namarekhodi acacile abonisa ukubambelela ezidingweni ezigunyaziwe zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ukudla, izinhlelo zokuhlola, nezinhlelo zokuphoqelela.

Ukuphepha kokudla kudlulela ngalé kokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri. Umthelela ojwayelekile wemfucuza endaweni ezungezile uchaza ukuthi imfucumfucu yamakhemikhali yezolimo engalawulwa kahle ingadala kanjani ukukhathazeka okubanzi okuthinta umhlabathi, amanzi, izitshalo kanye nemiphakathi.

Lapho amanzi angcolile noma ukungcola kusongela umhlaba wezolimo, izinketho zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile zinikeza isizinda esiwusizo ekukhetheni ukwelashwa, ukuncishiswa kokungcola, kanye nokuvikelwa kwendawo yokuthola ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokuphepha kokudla ezimisiwe namuhla.

Ukunciphisa Izinsalela Ezinkomeni Nakuma-Pulses

1. Sebenzisa Ukulawulwa Okudidiyelwe Kwezinambuzane: Hlanganisa ukuqapha, izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo, ukukhucululwa kwendle, izilawuli zebhayoloji, imikhuba yamasiko, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze amakhemikhali ahlale eyithuluzi elilodwa ngaphakathi kwesu elibanzi lokulawula izinambuzane okusanhlamvu nama-pulses.

2. Thuthukisa Isicelo Senkambu: Linganisa okokusebenza, gwema ukugqagqana okungadingekile, sebenzisa izimo zokufaka ezilungile, gcina ukumbozwa kwesifutho esifanele, futhi uvimbele ukukhukhuleka noma ukugeleza okungadala izindlela zezinsalela ezingahlosiwe. Ukuvimbela kufanele kuqondise izinqumo zenkambu.

3. Qinisa Isitoreji Sokusanhlamvu: Ukomisa ngendlela efanele, izindawo ezihlanzekile, izakhiwo ezifanele zokugcina, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane okuhlosiwe kunganciphisa ukuhlasela kwesitoreji ngenkathi kunciphisa ukwelashwa okungadingekile kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngemva kokuvuna. Isiqondiso se-Fumigation kuchaza ukwelashwa kwesitoreji esilawulwayo.

4. Phatha Udoti Wamakhemikhali: Iziqukathi ezingenalutho, izinto ezingcolile, ukuchithwa, nemikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane engasetshenziswanga kufanele zithole ukuphathwa nokulahlwa okufanele ukuze ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kungadali izindlela ezengeziwe zensalela yezitshalo. I Izingxoxo ezithinta udoti inikeza umongo.

5. Yakha Ukulandeleka: Amarekhodi epulazi, ulwazi lwabahlinzeki, imilando yokwelashwa, amarekhodi esitoreji, imiphumela yamasampula, kanye nokuhlonza indawo kwenza kube lula ukuthola izinkinga futhi kubonise ukuthobela umthetho kulo lonke uchungechunge lokunikezwa kwezinhlamvu okusanhlamvu neshayela.

Isifinyezo Sokulawulwa Kwezinsalela Zezibulala-zinambuzane Ezinkomeni Nakuma-Pulses

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokulawulwa Kwezinsalela Zokubulala Izinambuzane Ezisanhlamvu Nezinhlamvu

1. Ziyini izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane?

Izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ziyizinto noma inhlanganisela ehlobene ehlala ekudleni ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza izitshalo, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, noma ukucubungula. Angase afake ama-metabolite nemikhiqizo yokuguqulwa ebonwa incazelo esebenzayo yensalela.

2. Isho ukuthini i-MRL?

I-MRL isho Umkhawulo Wezinsalela Eziningi, ukugcwala okuvunyelwe ngokomthetho kwensalela yesibulala-zinambuzane eshiwo noma entweni ethile yokudla ngaphansi kwezinga elimisiwe lokulawula laleyo nhlanganisela yesibulala-zinambuzane kanye nempahla.

3. Ingabe izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane zihlala ziyingozi?

Izinsalela ezitholiwe akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukudla okungaphephile; ubungozi buncike kusibulala-zinambuzane, ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukuchayeka, i-toxicology, ukudla okudlayo, kanye nokuhlola okusebenzayo kokuphepha okusungulwe iziphathimandla ezilawulayo kubathengi.

4. Abalimi bangazinciphisa kanjani izinsalela?

Abalimi banganciphisa izinsalela ngokulandela amalebula, ukusebenzisa amanani alungile, ukuhlonipha izikhathi zokuvuna, ukusebenzisa kuphela lapho kudingeka, nokugcina amarekhodi okwelashwa anembile asekela ukulandeleka, ukuthobela, kanye nesinyathelo sokulungisa lapho kudingeka.

5. Ingabe okusanhlamvu okugciniwe kuqukethe izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane?

Angaqukatha izinsalela lapho kusetshenziswa izibulala-zinambuzane ezivunyiwe zangemuva kokuvuna noma izifutha, ikakhulukazi lapho ukwelashwa kukhethwe kabi, kusetshenziswe kabi, noma kusetshenziswe ngokuphambene nezimfuneko zelebula kanye nezimo ezigunyaziwe zokugcina okusanhlamvu.

6. Ubani obeka imingcele yezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane?

Iziphathimandla zikazwelonke zisungula noma ziphoqelele izimfuneko zikazwelonke, kuyilapho i-Codex ithuthukisa izincomo zamazwe ngamazwe ze-MRL zezinhlanganisela zezibulala-zinambuzane nezimpahla ezisetshenziswa ekuhwebeni kokudla futhi isekela ukuvumelana kwamazinga ensalela emhlabeni wonke.

7. Zitholwa kanjani izinsalela?

Amalabhorethri agunyaziwe ahlaziya amasampula okudla amelelayo ngezindlela ezifanele zokuhlaziya futhi aqhathanise ukugxilwa okulinganiselwe nezinga elisebenzayo lesibulala-zinambuzane nezinsalela zempahla, esiza iziphathimandla zihlonze izimpahla ezithobelayo noma okungenzeka azithobeli.

Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Sikukhuthaza nokuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa kakhulu usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!

Funda Futhi: Izimiso Zokufaka Isicelo Sezibulala-zinambuzane Zokuvikela Umkhiqizo Wezolimo Ogciniwe