Mhando uye Chimiro cheFumigants

Fumigants mishonga inouraya tupukanana yakagadzirirwa kudzora tupukanana kuburikidza nemagasi kana mhute inofamba munzvimbo dzakavharirwa, zvinhu zvinorapwa, maburi evhu, kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika uko kushandiswa kwakajairwa kunogona kuita zvisina kunaka.

Kusiyana nemishonga yakawanda yekubata zvipembenene, fumigants zvinoenderana nekupinda uye kuratidzwa munzvimbo yese yekurapa. Zvimiro zvavo zvemuviri zvinobvumira mamorekuru kupararira zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ave akakosha kurwisa zvipembenene zvakavanzika, makonzo, nematodes, hutachiona, uye masora.

Zvisinei, kufamba kumwe chete kunonatsiridza kudzora zvipembenene kunowedzerawo njodzi dzekufumurwa. Mafumigants anogona kupinda mumuviri kunyanya kuburikidza nekufema, nepo zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kuburikidza nekubata kweganda kana kupinza netsaona.

Nekuti zvinopfungaira zvinogona kuburitsa chepfu yakakomba, vashandisi vanofanirwa kuzvibata semishonga inouraya zvipembenene kwete mishonga yezvipembenene. Mapepa echigadzirwa, zvinodiwa nemutemo, mitemo yekufefetera, maitiro ekutarisa, uye matanho ekudzivirira anofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya.

Gwaro iri rinotsanangura mhando huru uye hunhu hwezvinonhuhwira, kusanganisira maitiro azvo emuviri, zvinobatika zvakajairika, mashandisirwo makuru, zvine chekuita nekuchengetedza, maitiro ezvakatipoteredza, uye manejimendi ekutonga kwesarudzo dzakachengeteka dzekurwisa tumbuyu.

Chii chinonzi Fumigants uye Mashandiro Avanoita

Fumigants inoshanda nekugadzira gasi kana mhute inokwanisa kusvika kune tupukanana munzvimbo yese yekurapa. Kusiyana nekupfapfaidza kwepamusoro, vanogona kupinda mukati mepakatsemuka, mitswe, zvinhu zvakazara, nzvimbo dzevhu, uye maberere akavanzwa.

Kubata kwavo kwakakura kunotsanangura kuti sei zvinopfungaira zvichigona kudzora tumbuyu panguva dzakasiyana dzehupenyu uye dzimwe nguva zvinokanganisa makonzo, nematodes, fungi, bhakitiriya, kana sora. Mibairo inotsamira pakutariswa, nguva yekuratidzwa, tembiricha, mwando, kuvharika, uye kupinda.

Hunhu hwavo hunogadzirawo nzvimbo yakamanikana yekuchengetedza. Kusangana kwakaringana kuuraya zvipembenene kunogona kuisa vanhu kana mhuka panjodzi, saka kushandisa kwakadzidziswa, kurambidzwa kupinda, kuongorora gasi, kufefeterwa kwemhepo, uye kutevedzera mabhii kunoramba kuchikosha panguva yese yekurapa.

Kuti uwane tsananguro yakakura yemafambisirwo emishonga yezvipembenene, kufamba nemushonga wezvipembenene nemuvhu inoratidza kuti sei kushanduka, kushambadza, kumhanya, kudonha, uye kushatisa zvine basa kana makemikari apinda muhurongwa hwezvakatipoteredza.

Mitemo yakafanana yezvakatipoteredza inoshandawo pakuongorora zvinhu zvevhu zvinokanganisa kufamba kwemishonga yezvipembenene, nekuti magadzirirwo, mwando, organic matter, uye chimiro chevhu zvinogona kukanganisa kemikari kufamba uye kuramba.

Verenga zvakare: Kupisa Ivhu, Kukosha uye Mhando dzeKupisa

Mhando dzeFumigants neFomu uye Kushandisa

1. Gaseous Fumigants: Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinopihwa semagasi kana kuita gasi pasi pemamiriro ekurapa. Mamorekuru avo anopararira nekukurumidza kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa, zvichiita kuti dzibatsire panovanda tupukanana zvisingasviki zvekupfapfaidza.

2. Zvipfuhwira zvemvura: Zvimwe zvinonhuhwirira zvinogadzirwa sezvinwiwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kana sezvinwiwa zvinoputika. Mushure mekusunungurwa, ivo vanonyungudika uye vanopararira kuburikidza nenzvimbo yekurapa, inoda kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye nekuchenjerera kuratidzwa kwekutonga.

3. Solid Fumigants: Zvigadzirwa zvakasimba sesimbi phosphides zvinoburitsa gasi rine muchetura kana zvasangana nehunyoro hwakakwana. Kuumbwa kwavo kwakaoma kunorerutsa kutakura uye kubata, asi kuratidzwa kwehunyoro netsaona kunogona kuumba njodzi yephosphine.

4. Mishonga yevhu: Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoiswa paivhu kuita magasi anofamba nepamaburi evhu. Vanonangidzira tupukanana nezvirwere zvepasi pevhu, ukuwo magadzirirwo evhu, mwando, tembiricha, kuiswa chisimbiso, uye nzira yekushandisa zvinokanganisa kushanda.

Saka fumigation inogona kuitika muzvivakwa, zvitoro zvezvinhu, mota, makonzo, magreenhouses, minda, makireshi, kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzakavharirwa kurapwa. Iyo saiti yekushandisa inosarudza kuumbwa uye kungwarira kunodiwa.

Kunzwisisa nzira huru dzekusvibisa zvinobatsira kutsanangura kuti sei zvinopfungaira zvichifanira kuramba zvirimo uye kuti sei kurasikirwa kwemakemikari kuchigona kuunza mhedzisiro kunze kwenzvimbo yekutanga kurapwa.

Methyl Bromide uye Chloropicrin Fumigants

Methyl bromide yakamboshanda semushonga une simba wevhu, zvigadzirwa, uye mamwe marapiro akavharirwa. Iyo inopinda zvakanyanya uye inoshanda pakurwisa tupukanana, asi nharaunda uye hutano zvine chekuita nekushandisa zvakanyanya.

Nekuti methyl bromide inogona kukuvadza ozone layer, United States yakadzima kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwakawanda, ichichengeta kuregererwa kwekushandiswa kwakakosha uye kuvharirwa kana zvinangwa zvekutanga. Zvinodiwa zvekudzora zvinosiyana pakati penyika uye zvigadzirwa.

Methyl bromide inogona kukonzera chepfu yakakomba kana ikafemerwa uye inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya ganda kana yabatwa nemuviri. Zvinodawo macheki ekuenderana kwemakemikari nekuti kuita nesarufa-ine zvinhu zvinogona kugadzira zvisingadiwe.

Chloropicrin imwe inokosha fumigant uye nyevero agent. Iine kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kunokwanisa kuzivisa vanhu nezvehuvepo hwayo, nepo kutarisisa pamusoro peyero-yemumiriri mazinga kunogona kubatsira zvakananga kune fumigant chiitiko.

Chero munhu ari kudzidza zvine njodzi zvine chekuita nemishonga yezvipembenene uye kusasimba kwemitemo inofanira kuziva kuti zvinopfungaira zvinoda tarisiro yakasimba nekuti kufumurwa netsaona kunogona kukanganisa vashandi, nharaunda, mhuka, uye zviwanikwa zvezvakatipoteredza.

Kubatana pakati pekushandiswa kwefumigant uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu kunowedzera kujeka kuburikidza mishonga yezvipembenene inosarira muzviyo nemupurwa, kunyanya uko zvinhu zvakachengetwa zvinowana mishonga yekudzivirira zvipembenene.

Kudzora fumigant kwakakodzera kunonyanya kukosha uko kuratidzwa kwemakemikari kunogona kukanganisa ivhu rakatenderedza, zvirimwa, mvura yepasi, zvinhu zvakachengetwa, kana vanhu vanoshanda pedyo nenzvimbo yekurapisa.

Phosphide Fumigants for Pest Control

1. Aluminium Phosphide: Iyi fumigant yakasimba inopindirana nehunyoro kuburitsa phosphine gasi. Vashandi vanoishandisa kuzvinhu zvakachengetwa, nzvimbo dzakavharirwa, uye migodhi yemakonzo, apo gasi rinopinda rinogona kusvika kune tupukanana twakavanda mukati meturwi.

2. Magnesium Phosphide: Ichi chinyorwa chinoburitsawo phosphine kana mwando wasvika pakuumbwa. Inoita zviri nyore kupfuura aluminium phosphide, saka kubata uye kuchengetedza kunoda kunyanya kungwarira hunyoro kudzora panguva yekushandiswa kwemvumo.

3. Phosphine Chiito: Phosphine inoshanda semushonga une chepfu mukurwisa zvipembenene nezvimwe zvipenyu. Nekuti gasi rinogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya vanhu nemhuka, nzvimbo dzekurapwa dzinoda kudzorwa, nzira dzekunyevera, uye kuongororwa kwakakodzera.

4. Kuchengeta Zvinodiwa: Phosphide formulations inofanira kuramba yakaoma isati yashandiswa uye kuraswa. Kufumurwa kwehunyoro panguva yekuchengetedza, kutakura, kana kubata kunogona kuburitsa phosphine zvisingatarisirwi, zvichigadzira chepfu yakanyanya uye moto kana kusvibiswa kunetseka.

Phosphide chengetedzo inobatanidzawo zvakananga ne kuchengetwa kwakakodzera kwefumigant, kubata, uye kuraswa, nekuti mwando, kusapinza mhepo zvakanaka, kufumurwa netsaona, uye kusagadziriswa kwemarara zvisina kufanira zvinogona kugadzira mamiriro ane njodzi.

Information about nzira dzekuuraya zvipembenene kwakakosha zvakaenzana nekuti kufemereka kunoramba kuri kunetseka kukuru kana vashandi vasangana nephosphine kana mamwe magasi ane muchetura.

Sulfuryl Fluoride uye Dichlorvos Fumigants

Sulfuryl fluoride igasi risina ruvara, risinganhuhwi, risingabatike rinoshandiswa kunyanya kupfutidza zvimiro uye zvezvinhu. Nekuti vanhu havagone kuzviona nekunhuwa, kutarisisa kwehunyanzvi uye maitiro ekubvisa anoita basa rakakosha.

MuUnited States, sulfuryl fluoride inoramba iri mushonga wekushandisa zvipembenene, uye pekugara pekugara kunoda kunyoreswa kana kutariswa kwakananga pasi pezvinodiwa. Izvi zvinoratidza kudzora kwakasarudzika kwakatenderedza fumigants ine chepfu.

Dichlorvos, inowanzonzi DDVP, inosiyana nemagasi echokwadi anopfungaira nekuti inonyanya kushanda sechinhu chinobata uye mushonga wezvipembenene wemudumbu uku ichipawo basa remupfu. Yakashandiswa kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvakachengetwa.

Dichlorvos ndeyeboka re organophosphorus rezvipembenene uye inoda kunyatsobata. Hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari uye chimiro chekutonga zvinoreva kuti vashandisi vanofanirwa kutevedzera ikozvino chigadzirwa label, mirairo yekuchengetera, uye zvinoshanda zvemishonga yezvipembenene.

Kunetseka pamusoro pezvisaririra kunowedzera kukosha kana makomisheni ane chekuita nefumigant asvika kune zvigadzirwa zvekudya. Detailed information on zvisaririra zvemishonga yezvipembenene mumichero nemiriwo inoratidza kuti nei kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemakemikari uye kutarisa zvakakosha.

Nyaya dzakafanana dzinogona kumuka kuburikidza nekudya kwemhuka uye kusangana kwezvakatipoteredza, sezvakatsanangurwa mukati kunobva kusvibiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene munyama uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, uko zvisaririra zvinogona kufamba nenzira dzakabatana dzekurima.

Kubata kwakanaka kwemakemikari zvakare kunoenderana nekunzwisisa nzira dzekugadzirisa masara emishonga yezvipfuyo, kunyanya uko zvirimwa zvakacheneswa, chikafu, zvivakwa, ivhu, kana mvura zvinokonzeresa kubatwa nemhuka.

Ethylene Oxide uye Mamwe Mafumigants

Ethylene oxide igasi risina ruvara, rine muchetura, rinopisa rinoshandiswa semupfudze wezvimwe zvinhu uye zvinhu. Magadzirirwo anogona kuisanganisa neimwe gasi kuderedza kupisa uye kunatsiridza mabatiro maitiro.

Nhoroondo, ethylene oxide yakagamuchira kutariswa kwekurapa zvigadzirwa zvakaita sezvinonhuwira, dema walnuts, uye copra. Kupisa kwayo uye kuchetura kunoita kuti zvivakwa zvinodzorwa, vashandi vakadzidziswa, uye nzira dzakasimba dzive dzakanyanya kukosha.

Zvimwe zvinopfungaira zvinopisa zviripo kune imwe ivhu, maumbirwo, zvinhu, kana hunyanzvi hwekushandisa. Kuwanikwa kwavo uye mamiriro emutemo anogona kushanduka, saka vashandisi vanofanirwa kuvimba nemazita emazuva ano uye zviremera zvinotonga zvemuno.

Saka kusarudzwa kwefumigant kunofanirwa kuenderana nechipembenene chakanangwa, nzvimbo yekurapisa, zvinhu, tembiricha, unyoro, zvisimbiso, zvinodikanwa zvekuratidzira, uye mvumo yepamutemo pane kungosarudza kemikari yakasimba iripo yekurapa kwaunoda.

Mamiriro emakemikari emushonga mushure mekushandisa anokodzera kutariswa nekuti makomisheni anogona kuchinja kuburikidza nemaitiro ezvakatipoteredza. Hurukuro ye kuparara kwepesticide uye metabolism muzvirimwa inopa mamiriro anobatsira ekunzwisisa shanduko yemakemikari.

Saizvozvowo, zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kuparara kwemishonga yezvipembenene muvhu ratidza kuti tembiricha, mwando, kuumbwa kwevhu, tupukanana, uye zvinhu zvemakemikari zvinogona kukanganisa kushingirira mushure mekurapwa.

Fumigants haifanirwe kusarudzwa chete maererano nesimba rekuuraya zvipembenene. Kusagadzikana kwekemikari, kuenderana, maitiro ezvakatipoteredza, nzira yekushandisa, uye mvumo yepamutemo inofanirwa kuenderana nemamiriro ekurapa chaiwo.

Kuchengetedzwa Kwakakosha uye Kunetseka Kwezvakatipoteredza

1. Kuratidzwa kwevanhu: Kufema kunomiririra kunetseka kukuru nekuti magasi anopfungaira anogona kupinda mumapapu nekukasira uye oburitsa huturu hwakakomba. Kutarisana neganda kana maziso kunogona kukonzera kukuvara nemamwe magadzirirwo.

2. Moto uye Reactivity: Zvimwe zvinopfungaira kana magadzirirwo anogona kuita nehunyoro, zvinhu zvine sarufa, simbi, kana zvimwe zvinhu. Kuenderana kwavo kwemakemikari kunofanirwa kugara kuchitariswa zvichienderana neazvino chigadzirwa label isati yarapwa.

3. Environmental Movement: Mishonga inoputika inogona kutiza nzvimbo dzekurapa kana kufamba nemuvhu, kuyerera, uye kudonha. Kusachengetedzwa zvakanaka kunogona kuderedza kudzora tupukanana uku uchiwedzera njodzi kumhepo yakatenderedza, ivhu, mvura, zvidyarwa nemhuka dzesango.

4. Zvokudya Zvakasara: Kusashandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kutenderedza zvinhu zvakachengetwa kunogona kubatsira kune zvisaririra. Kushandisa chaiko, zvigadzirwa zvakatenderwa, nguva dzekumirira, aeration, uye zvinodiwa zvakanangana nechigadzirwa zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kunaka kwechikafu uye kuderedza kuratidzwa kusingakoshi.

5. Waste Management: Zvigaba zvisina chinhu, zvinhu zvakasvibiswa, makemikari asara, uye masara ephosphide zvinoda kuraswa nekungwarira. Usambofa wakagadziridza nzira dzekurasa nekuti kubata mwando kwakashata, kupisa, kushandisazve, kana kurasira kunogona kugadzira njodzi huru.

Kufamba kwezvakatipoteredza kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuti makemikari anogona kusvika kune zvakakosha zviwanikwa. Research on mamiriro enzvimbo anokanganisa kufamba kwemishonga yezvipembenene inotsanangura kuti kudzika kwemvura yepasi, mamiriro ekunze, kunaya kwemvura, uye hydrogeologic mamiriro ezvinhu zvinokanganisa sei kufamba.

Maitiro ekutonga ane basa zvakare nekuti nguva yekushandisa, kudiridza, chiyero chekurapa, uye kuisa zvinopesvedzera kurasikirwa kwemakemikari. The guide on zvipembenene zvifambiso zvekugadzirisa maitiro inosimbisa izvi zvakakosha zvidzoreso.

Kana makemikoro ane ngozi achipinda munyika, mhedzisiro yawo inogona kuwedzera kunze kwenzvimbo yekurapa. Hurukuro ye zvinhu zvine ngozi zvinokanganisa ivhu nezvinomera inotaridza njodzi huru yezvakatipoteredza.

Zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinodawo kuchengetedzwa nekuti kusvibiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kunogona kubva muvhu rekurima kuenda kuhova nemvura yepasi. Zvakakodzera mitemo yehutano hwemvura tsigiro yekudzivirira uye ine mutoro makemikari manejimendi.

Verenga zvakare: Kuchengeta, Kubata uye Kurasa Fumigants

Kusarudza uye Kutarisira Fumigants Nekutarisira

Kufuridza zvine hunyanzvi kunotanga nekuzivikanwa kwezvipembenene uye kuronga kurapwa. Munyoreri anofanirwa kusimbisa kuti fumigation inokodzera chinangwa, ongorora saiti, kuona zvinhu zvine hunyoro, uye kuongorora zvese zvinodiwa pakanyorwa.

Kuchengeta uye chekufambisa kunokodzera kutarisirwa kwakafanana nekushandisa. Mafumigants anofanirwa kugara munzvimbo dzakachengeteka, dzakakodzera, kure nechikafu, chikafu, vanhu, mhuka, kupisa, uye hunyoro, zvinoenderana nechigadzirwa-chaicho nzira nenzvimbo dzakabvumidzwa dzekuchengetera.

Panguva yekurapa, vashandi vane mvumo chete ndivo vanofanira kupinda munzvimbo dzakadzorwa. Zviratidzo zveyambiro, nzvimbo dzekusabatanidzwa, kuongorora gasi, nzira dzechimbichimbi, uye kunyatsopinza mhepo kunobatsira kuderedza kuratidzwa netsaona uye kutsigira kupinda zvakare kwakachengeteka mushure mekuputirwa.

Mushure mekurapwa, vashandi vanofanirwa kubata midziyo, zvisaririra, magadzirirwo akashandiswa, uye zvinhu zvakasvibiswa nemazvo. Tsika dzakanaka dzemarara dzinodzivirira kusvibiswa kwechipiri uku ichichengetedza mamiriro akachengeteka kuvashandi, nharaunda, zvigadzirwa zvakachengetwa, ivhu, uye mvura.

Kurasa kwakakodzera kunonyanya kukosha kune midziyo uye zvisaririra. Guidance on kuraswa kwemudziyo wemishonga yezvipembenene inotsanangura kuti sei kushandisazve, kuraswa kwemarara kusingadzoreki, uye kucheneswa zvisina kucheneswa kuchigona kuwedzera njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza.

Tsvina ine chekuita nefumigant inogona zvakare kuwira mukati mehupamhi hwenjodzi yekutonga tsvina masisitimu. Tsananguro ye mapoka emarara ane ngozi emumba inoratidza kuti sei mishonga yezvipembenene ichida kubatwa nehunyanzvi kana yaraswa.

Kuiswa kwengozi kunopa imwe maonero anobatsira. Hunhu hwemarara ane ngozi inosanganisira zvivakwa zvakaita sechepfu, reactivity, corrosivity, uye kusabatika, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuchengetedza, kutakura, uye kurasa sarudzo.

Chekupedzisira, kuchengetedzwa kwemvura kwakakura kunoramba kwakakosha uko zvisaririra zvemakemikari zvinogona kusvika kune madhiraivha kana mitumbi yemvura. Zviyero zvinobudirira zve kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemvura kubatsira kuderedza kusvibiswa kubva mumabasa ekurima uye ekugadzirisa marara.

Pfupiso pamusoro peMarudzi uye Chimiro cheFumigants

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa nezve Mhando uye Chimiro cheFumigants: Makiyi Makirasi uye Mashandisiro

1. Mafumigants chii?

Fumigants mishonga inouraya tupukanana nekugadzira magasi kana mhute inokwanisa kupinda munzvimbo dzakavharirwa, zvinhu, maburi evhu, makatsemuka, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinonetsa kusvika.

2. Ndeapi marudzi makuru ezvinonhuhwirira?

Mafomu makuru anosanganisira gaseous, liquid, uye solid fumigants, nepo maapplication achiwanzo sanganisira space fumigation, commodity fumigation, ivhu fumigation, uye akasarudzika marapirwo ezvimiro.

3. Nei zvinhu zvinopfungaira zvichinzi zvine ngozi?

Mafumigants mazhinji ane muchetura nekufema, uye mamwe anogona zvakare kukuvadza ganda, kuita zvine njodzi nehunyoro kana zvimwe zvinhu, kana kusvibisa zviwanikwa zvezvakatipoteredza.

4. Chinangwa chechloropicrin ndechei?

Chloropicrin inogona kushanda sefumigant uye, pane dzimwe nzvimbo, sechinhu chinonyevera nokuti kunhuhwirira kwayo kwakasimba kunobatsira kuratidza kuvapo kwemamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi.

5. Aluminium nemagnesium phosphide zvinoburitsei?

Aya magadzirirwo akasimba anoita nekunyorova uye anoburitsa phosphine gasi, muchetura muchetura unogona kudzora tupukanana-chigadzirwa chakachengetwa uye zvimwe zvipenyu kana zvashandiswa zviri pamutemo.

6. Nei zvinhu zvinopfungaidza utsi zvichifanira kugara zvakafanira?

Containment inobatsira kuchengetedza kurapa kunoshanda uku uchidzivirira kupukunyuka kwegasi rine njodzi, kuratidzwa netsaona, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kupinda zvisina mvumo munzvimbo dziri kupfutidzwa.

7. Zvigadzirwa zvefumigant zvinofanira kuchengetwa sei?

Kuchengetera kunofanirwa kutevedzera manyorerwo echigadzirwa uye mirau yenzvimbo, ine mamiriro akachengeteka anodzivirira fumigants kubva kune isina mvumo, kupisa kwakanyanya, mwando, chikafu, chikafu, uye zvinhu zvisingaenderane.

Iwe une chero mibvunzo, mazano, kana mipiro? Kana zvirizvo, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kushandisa bhokisi rekutaura pazasi kugovera pfungwa dzako. Tinokukurudzirawo kuti ugoverane nomutsa mashoko aya nevamwe vangabatsirwa nawo. Sezvo tisingakwanisi kusvika munhu wose panguva imwe chete, tinoonga zvechokwadi rubatsiro rwenyu mukuparadzira shoko. Ndinokutendai zvikuru nerutsigiro rwenyu uye nokugoverana!

Verenga zvakare: Misimboti Yekushandisa Mushonga Wezvipembenene Zvekuchengetedza Dziviriro Yekurima Chigadzirwa