Kusarudza mishonga yezviyo nezviyo zvinoda zvinopfuura kusarudza chigadzirwa chaunoziva. Varimi vanofanirwa kufunga nezvechipembenene chavanovavarira, nhanho yechirimwa, nzvimbo yekurapisa, kubvumidzwa kwechigadzirwa, njodzi yekudzivirira, mamiriro ekunze, uye kuchengetedza chikafu.
Zviyo zvakaita sechibage, mupunga, gorosi, mhunga nemapfunde zvinogona kusangana netumbuyu, sora, nezvirwere panguva yese yekugadzirwa nekuchengetwa. Mapuranga anosanganisira bhinzi, cowpea, nyemba, uye pizi zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kwakafanana.
Mishonga inogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwegoho kana varimi vakashandisa zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera nemazvo. Nekudaro, makemikari asina kukodzera, mareti akawandisa, nguva isina kunaka, kana kudzokororwa maapplication anogona kuwedzera kushushikana kwezvisaririra, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye mari isingakodzeri yekugadzira.
Kuiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunoitikawo mushure mekukohwa, kunyanya kana zviyo nembesa zvichipinda mudura. Zviyo zvakachengetwa zvingada kudzivirirwa kubva kune zvipembenene, asi kurapwa kwakasarudzwa kunofanira kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye kuchengetedza.
Sarudzo yemushonga wezvipembenene inofanirwa kutevera nzira yakarongwa kwete kupfapfaidza nguva nenguva. Sarudzo dzakanaka dzinosanganisa kuzivikanwa kwezvipembenene, zvinodikanwa zvemavara, manejimendi ezvisaririra, nguva yekushandisa, kutonga kwekurwisa, uye maitiro akabatanidzwa ekudzora tumbuyu.
Chii chinotungamira Sarudzo yeMushonga Wezviyo uye Pulses
Varimi ngavatange nedambudziko kwete nemushonga. Kuzivikanwa kwetumbuyu chaiko kunodzivirira kurapwa kusingakoshi uye kunobatsira kuenzanisa chigadzirwa nemuviri, chirimwa, danho rekukura, uye nhanho yekukuvadzwa inocherechedzwa.
Sarudzo yechigadzirwa inokanganisawo kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu nekuti zvisaririra zvinoenderana nemidziyo yemishonga yezvipembenene, maitiro ekushandisa, maitiro echirimwa, uye nguva yekukohwa. Kunzwisisa zviyo zvakasara zvinonetsa inotsigira zvirinani sarudzo dzezviyo zvinotengeswa uye pulses.
Mhosva yezvakatipoteredza ine basa pamwe chete nekuchengetedzwa kwechirimwa. Information about maitiro akasara muzvirimwa zvekudya inogona kubatsira varimi kuti vanzwisise kuti sei mamwe makemikari achigara kwenguva refu, achifamba zvakasiyana, kana achida kuomesesa kwekushandisa mushure mekurapwa.
Zvinyorwa zvakanaka zvinoita kuti kusarudzwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kuve kwakavimbika nekufamba kwenguva. Varimi vanogona kunyora zvipembenene, zvigadzirwa, mareti, mazuva, mamiriro ekunze, nhanho dzezvirimwa, uye mhedzisiro, vobva vashandisa marekodhi kuvandudza sarudzo dzekurapa mune ramangwana.
Verenga zvakare: Sustainable uye Integrated Pest Management
Nyanisa Mishonga neChipembenene neChirimwa
1. Ziva Chipembenene Chavavarira: Simbisa chipembenene, sora, fungus, kana chimwe chipenyu chinokuvadza usati warapwa. Zvipembenene zvakasiyana zvinoda zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoshanda, nzira dzekushandisa, uye nguva, saka kuongororwa kwakaringana kunodzivirira kusashanda kwemishonga yezvipembenene.
2. Tarisa Crop uye Kukura Danho: Sarudza zvigadzirwa zvakatenderwa chaizvo zviyo kana pulse inobatanidzwa. Mushonga unokodzera mbesa dzechibage unogona kusakodzera mupunga unotumbuka maruva kana cowpea yakura.
3. Funga nezveEconomic Thresholds: Rapa apo pest pressure kana kukuvadzwa kunotarisirwa kururamisa kupindira pane kungomwaya. Sarudzo dzeThreshold-based dzinogona kuderedza zvikumbiro zvisina basa uchichengetedza goho uye nekuvandudza kugona kwekuisa mumwaka wega wega.
4. Akaundi Yezvipenyu Zvinobatsira: Funga nezvezvinotakura mukume, zvikara, maparasitoids, uye zvipenyu zvevhu usati wasarudza zvigadzirwa zvakafara. Biological uye tsika-kudzora tupukanana nzira inogona kubatsiridza kurapwa kwemakemikari uye kuderedza kumanikidza kune zvipenyu zvinobatsira.
5. Ongorora Resistance History: Dzivisa kakawanda kushandisa nzira imwechete yekuita kana kuramba kuchityisidzira kutonga. Nzira dzeBiotechnological crop-protection uye mamwe matanho asiri emakemikari anogona kupa mamwe maturusi mukati meakasiyana manejimendi chirongwa.
6. Funga nezveKushandisa Nzira: Sarudza kana kupfapfaidza, kupukuta huruva, kuraura, kurapwa kwembeu, kana imwe nzira yakatenderwa inopa kufukidzwa kwakakodzera. Nzira yacho inofanirwa kuenderana nenzvimbo yezvipembenene, chimiro chechirimwa, midziyo, kuchengetedzwa kwemushandisi, uye label yechigadzirwa.
Funga nezvePesticide Chemistry uye Residue Risk
1. Tarisa Active Ingredient: Enzanisa zvigadzirwa nechinhu chinoshanda kwete zita rechiratidzo. Mushonga unoshanda ndiwo unotara chiitiko chikuru chebhayoloji, nepo mabhurendi akasiyana achigona kuve nekemesitiri imwechete kana kutarisisa kwakasiyana.
2. Nzwisisa Kirasi yeMishonga Yezvipembenene: Ziva kana chigadzirwa chacho chiri cheboka remakemikari rakatoshandiswa kakawanda papurazi. Kutenderedza nzira dzakakodzera dzechiito kunogona kubatsira kunonoka kuramba uye kuchengetedza kutonga pamwaka unotevera.
3. Ongorora Kushingirira uye Kudzikisirwa: Sarudzo zvigadzirwa zvine kushingirira kunoenderana nechinangwa chekugadzira uye mabhii anodiwa. Maitiro ekuparadza pesticide inokanganisa kuti zvisaririra zvinoramba zviripo muvhu, zvirimwa, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera, kana nharaunda dzakatenderedza.
4. Funga Mobility uye Solubility: Makemikari anonyungudika zviri nyore mumvura anogona kufamba zvakasiyana kubva kune zvine simba sorbed komisheni. Varimi vanofanira kunzwisisa kufamba kwemushonga wezvipembenene usati warapa minda iri pedyo nemigero yemvura kana zviwanikwa zvemvura zviri panjodzi.
5. Tarisa Kugadzira uye Zvokudya-Kushandisa Zvirambidzo: Granules, guruva, zvipfapfaidzo, zviredzo, uye zvinopfungaira zvinosiyana mukubata nekushandisa zvinodiwa. Simbisa kuti kugadzirwa kwakatenderwa chirimwa, chipembenene chinonangwa, nzvimbo yekurapisa, uye chinangwa chekushandiswa.
6. Enzanisa Yambiro Yezvakatipoteredza: Zvimwe zvinogadzirwa zvinotakura zvirambidzo zvine chekuita nemigwagwa yemvura, zvirimwa zvinotapukira, mafuro, nyuchi, kana zvimwe zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa. Aya machenjedzo akakosha kana zviyo kana mhunga dzichikura pedyo nenzvimbo dzinokanganisa nharaunda kana zvirimwa zvakavakidzana.
Verenga zvakare: Mabasa eVagadziri uye Makambani muKudzora Marara
Tarisa Munda Mamiriro uye Nguva Yekushandisa
Mamiriro ekushandisa anogona kushandura kuita kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Mamiriro evhu, hunyoro, tembiricha, kunaya kwemvura, mhepo, uye denga rezvirimwa zvinopesvedzera kuti zvigadzirwa zvinosvika sei kune zvakanangwa uye kuti zvinosara zvinodzikira kana kufamba nekukurumidza sei.
Vasati varapwa, varimi vanofanira kuongorora mamiriro ekunze aripo uye mamiriro ekunze anotarisirwa. Guidance on ivhu rinokanganisa kufamba kwemishonga yezvipembenene inogona kubatsira kuona mamiriro ezvinhu apo kuyerera, kudonha, kana kusachengeta zvakanaka kunogona kuderedza kushanda.
Njodzi dzakanangana nesaiti zvakare dzine basa, kunyanya padyo nehova, matsime, masisitimu emvura, uye nzvimbo dzekugara. Varimi vanogona kushandisa ruzivo nezve kufamba kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye mamiriro enzvimbo kusarudza nguva yakakodzera uye maitiro ekushandisa.
Equipment calibration yakakosha zvakaenzana nekuti kusakwana zvakanaka kunogona kukonzera underdosing, overdosing, kuvharika zvisina kuenzana, kana kudonha zvisina basa. Kutevera label mirairo uye maitiro ekushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene inovandudza kurongeka kwekurapa uku ichideredza kurasikirwa kwemakemikari kunodzivisika.
Nguva yekushandisa inofanirawo kutarisa zvirongwa zvekukohwa. Mishonga inenge yanyanya kukohwa inogona kusiya nguva shoma yekuti masarira adzikire, saka varimi vanofanira kunyatsotevera nguva dzakatenderwa dzisati dzakohwewa.
Sarudza Mishonga Yezviyo Yezviyo Zvakarimwa Mumunda
1. Matanidza Chigadzirwa neCereal: Chibage, mupunga, gorosi, mhunga, nemapfunde zvinosiyana pakurongeka kwechirimwa, nhanho dzekukura, twupukanana, uye kushandiswa kwakabvumidzwa. Sarudza chigadzirwa chakatenderwa kune zviyo zviri kurapwa.
2. Zvipembenene zvakasiyana, Sora, uye Matambudziko eChirwere: Usashandise mushonga wezvipembenene kugadzirisa dambudziko refungal kana kutora chigadzirwa chinodzora chese chipembenene. Kuongororwa chaiko kunotsigira kurapwa kwakanangwa uye kunoderedza kuratidzwa kwemakemikari kusingakoshi.
3. Funga nezve Crop Metabolism uye Zvisaririra: Zvirimwa zvinogona kushandura mishonga yezvipembenene mushure mekutora, zvichikanganisa maitiro ezvisaririra uye kusarudza. Kunzwisisa mushonga wezvipembenene metabolism muzvirimwa inobatsira kutsanangura kuti sei kushandisa nguva uye kushandiswa kwakabvumirwa zvakakosha kuchengetedza chikafu.
4. Chengetedza Ivhu uye Zviwanikwa zveMvura: Zvishandiso zvemumunda zvinogona kugadzira zvisaririra zvakasvibiswa uye midziyo isina chinhu inoda manejimendi ane hunyanzvi. Kugona kurima makemikari tsvina maitiro kuderedza kusunungurwa kwetsaona kunogona kukanganisa ivhu, nzvimbo dzemvura, uye nzira dzemvura.
5. Ronga Kukohwa uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwenzvimbo: Chengetedza nguva dzakatenderwa uye dzivirira marapiro anopesana nenguva yekukohwa, mamiriro ekunze, kana kurambidzwa kwenzvimbo. Zvirinani maitiro ekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwenyika inogona kutsigira kuchengetedza chirimwa pasina kutamisa njodzi dzinogona kudzivirirwa.
6. Tarisa Musika uye Hunhu Zvinodiwa: Zvirimwa zvakagadzirirwa chikafu, chikafu, kugadzirisa, kana misika yembeu zvinogona kutarisana nekondirakiti dzakasiyana uye zvinotarisirwa zvinotarisirwa. Kusarudzwa kwechigadzirwa kunofanirwa kutsigira chinangwa chekupedzisira kushandiswa uye kuteedzera.
Sarudza Mishonga Yezviyo Zvakachengetwa uye Pulses
1. Ziva Nzvimbo Yekuchengeta Zvipembenene uye Chirwere cheInfestation: Zvipfukuto, zvipembenene, zvipfukuto, uye zvimwe zvipembenene zvinoda nzira dzakasiyana dzekutarisira. Kuzivikanwa chaiko kunobatsira kuona kana hutsanana, zvidzoreso zvemuviri, zvinodzivirira, kana kumwe kurapwa kwakatenderwa kwakakodzera.
2. Tarisa Chimiro Chezviyo Usati Warapwa: Zviyo zvakachena, zvakaoma, zvine mutsindo uye mhunga zviri nyore kudzivirira pane zvakasvibiswa zvakanyanya. Maitiro ekuchengetedza chikafu inogona kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu anokurudzira kuora uye kukura kwezvipembenene panguva yekuchengetedza.
3. Sarudza Zvigadzirwa Zvakatenderwa Kune Zvakachengetwa: Mushonga wezvipembenene wakakodzera kushandiswa mumunda unogona kusabvumidzwa pazviyo zvakachengetwa. Simbisa kuti label inovhara zvinhu, gadziriro yekuchengetera, nzira yekushandisa, uye inodiwa yekumirira mamiriro.
4. Dzora Nzvimbo Yekuchengeta: Nama pokupinda, chengetedza kuoma kwakakodzera, bvisa zvisaririra zvekare, uye tarisa zviyo zvakachengetwa nguva nenguva. Aya matanho anogona kuderedza kudzvinyirirwa kwezvipembenene uye kudiwa kwekudzokororwa kupindira kwemakemikari.
5. Bata Kuraswa Kwemishonga Yezvipembenene Zvakachengeteka: Misanganiswa yasara, zvinhu zvakasvibiswa, uye midziyo isina chinhu zvinoda kuraswa zvine hungwaru pane kuraswa kana kushandiswazve. Tevera nzira dzakakodzera dzekurasa tsvina yezvipembenene kuchengetedza vashandi, ivhu, madhiraini masisitimu, uye zvinhu zvakachengetwa.
6. Ongorora Zviyo Zvakachengetwa Usati Warapwa: Sampling inobatsira kuratidza infestation intest, zviyo zvakakuvadzwa, matambudziko ehunyoro, uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera. Sarudzo dzekurapa dzinofanirwa kuenderana nemamiriro chaiwo pane kufunga kuti yese yakachengetwa inoda kuiswa mushonga wezvipembenene.
Shandisa Integrated Pest Management Usati Wapfapfaidza
Kudyidzana kwezvipembenene kunonatsiridza sarudzo yemishonga yezvipembenene nekuti inoisa kutonga kwemakemikari mukati mehurongwa hwakakura hwekudzivirira, kutarisa, tsika nemagariro, kudzora zvipenyu, uye kupindira kwakarongwa nenguva kwete kupfapfaidza nguva nenguva.
Kugaroongorora kunobatsira varimi kuona kana twumbuyu twuri kuwedzera, kugadzikana, kana kusakosha. Uhu humbowo hunotsigira sarudzo dzakanangwa uye hunogona kuderedza kusingakoshi kushandiswa kwemakemikari, uku zvinoshanda kusvibisa-kudzora matanho kugadzirisa njodzi kana kusvibiswa kwaitika.
Kutenderedza mbesa, mhando dzisingachinji, hutsanana, kutonga kwepekugara, uye kudzora zvipenyu zvinogona kuderedza dzvinyiriro yezvipembenene mishonga yezvipembenene isati yadiwa. Aya matanho anozadzisa maturusi emakemikari uye anotsigira akasimba ekugadzira masisitimu mumwaka wese.
Kusvibiswa kwevhu kunogona zvakare kutevera kusangwarira kubata kemikari, kurasika, kana kudzokororwa kupinza. Kunzwisisa kusvibiswa kwevhu inokurudzira varimi kuti vatarise mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza pamwe chete nezvinangwa zvekurwisa tumbuyu nekukurumidza.
Kudzivirirwa kwemvura kunofanira kuramba kuri chikamu chesarudzo nekuti kuyerera kwemvura kunogona kutakura zvisaririra zvemishonga kubva kumapurazi. Kunzwisisa kufamba kwemishonga yezvipembenene mumvura pamusoro pemvura inobatsira varimi kuchengetedza nzira dzemvura uye kuderedza kuratidzwa kunze kwechinangwa.
Resistance management inoda mutsauko muhurongwa hwese hwekutonga. Kutenderedza nzira dzinoshanda dzekuita, kubatanidza nzira dzisiri dzemakemikari, uye kudzivirira kurapwa kusiri madikanwa kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kushanda kwemishonga yezvipembenene mumwaka unotevera uye mumakore ese.
Verenga zvakare: Kunobva Zvinhu Zvinokuvadza
Tevera maLabels, MRLs, uye Safe Handling
Label directions ndiyo yepakati referensi yekusarudza chigadzirwa uye kushandiswa. Varimi vanofanira kusimbisa chirimwa chakanyoreswa, chipembenene chavanovavarira, huwandu hwemashandisirwo, matanho ekudzivirira, kumisa nguva, zvinodiwa pakuchengeta, uye nguva yekukohwa vasati varapwa.
Maximum Residue Limits inobatsira kutsanangura mazinga anogamuchirwa ezvisaririra zvechikafu uye chikafu kana mishonga yezvipembenene ichishandiswa zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekurima anotenderwa. Kuchengeta zvakanaka marekodhi kunobatsira varimi kuratidza kuti marapirwo aitevera zvinodiwa nechigadzirwa.
Kuchengeteka kwevashandi kunokoshawo nekuti kufumurwa kwemushonga wezvipembenene kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekufema pfapfaidzo, kumedza zvinhu zvakasvibiswa, kana kubata ganda. Kunzwisisa nzira dzekuuraya zvipembenene inotsigira zvirinani kudzivirira maitiro panguva yekusanganisa, kushandisa, kuchenesa, uye kuchengetedza.
Chekupedzisira, dzikisa tsvina isingakodzeri nekutenga huwandu chaihwo, kuenzanisa michina, kusanganisa nemazvo, uye kutonga zvakasara zvine hungwaru. Inoshanda matanho ekuderedza marara kuderera kwematambudziko ekurasa uku uchitsigira kushandiswa kwehupfumi uye maitiro ane chekuita nemishonga yezvipembenene.
Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwe nyaya dzekusvibiswa kwekurima inobatsirawo varimi kuti vaone kuti sarudzo dzemishonga yezvipembenene dzinobatana sei nevhu, mvura, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunaka kwechikafu, uye kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza kwenguva refu kupfuura nzvimbo yekukurumidza kurapwa.
Sarudzo ine mutoro inoenderera mushure mekupfapfaidza. Varimi vanofanira kuongorora minda yakabatwa, kutarisa kubudirira kwekutonga, kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvakachengetedzeka, uye kuongorora chero zvakasara, kukuvara kwechirimwa, kudonha, kana kunetsa kwezvakatipoteredza vasati vadzokorora kurapwa papurazi.
Pfupiso pamusoro peNhungamiro yeSarudzo yeMishonga yezviyo nemaPulses
| Article Area | Kufunga Kukuru | Nei Zvichikosha |
|---|---|---|
| Pest Identification | Ziva chipembenene chaicho uye mwero wekukuvadzwa. | Inovandudza kusarudzwa kwechigadzirwa uye inodzivirira kurapwa kusingakoshi. |
| Kugarisana kwezvirimwa | Matanidza mushonga wezvipembenene nezera rezviyo, puruzi, uye danho rekukura. | Inotsigira kutonga kunoshanda uye kushandiswa kwakabvumidzwa kwekudya. |
| Chemistry uye Residues | Ongorora chinoshanda chinongedzo, kushingirira, kufamba, uye zvirambidzo. | Inobatsira kugadzirisa zvakasara uye njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza. |
| Munda Mamiriro | Funga nezvevhu, mamiriro ekunze, nguva, uye midziyo yekushandisa. | Inovandudza kurongeka uye inoderedza kure-kunangwa kufamba. |
| Zviyo zveMunda | Funga nezvezvirimwa metabolism, nguva yekukohwa, uye zvinodiwa pamusika. | Inotsigira mhando yezvirimwa, kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, uye kurongeka. |
| Zviyo Zvakachengetwa | Ongorora zvipembenene zvekuchengetedza, mamiriro ezviyo, uye marapirwo anotenderwa. | Inoderedza kurasikirwa kwekuchengetedza uku ichichengetedza kunaka kwechikafu. |
| Integrated Management | Sanganisa kudzivirira, kutarisa, biological, tsika, uye makemikari nzira. | Inoderedza kupfapfaidza kusingakoshi uye kuramba kumanikidza. |
| Labels uye MRLs | Tevedzera mareti akatenderwa, nguva, mafambiro ekuchengetedza, uye zvakasara zvinodiwa. | Inotsigira kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene zvine hunyanzvi uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu kwakachengeteka. |
Mibvunzo Inowanzo Kubvunzwa NezveNhungamiro Yekusarudza Mishonga Yezviyo uye Pulses
1. Chii chinofanira kutungamira sarudzo yemishonga yezvipembenene pazviyo nemapfunde?
Varimi vanofanira kufunga nezvechipembenene chavanovavarira, chirimwa, danho rekukura, kushandiswa kwakatenderwa, nzira yekushandiswa, zvisaririra zvinodikanwa, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, njodzi dzekudzivirira, uye mamiriro ekuchengetera pazvinofanirwa.
2. Mushonga mumwe chete ungashandiswa pazvirimwa zvese zviyo here?
Kwete. Zvirimwa zvakasiyana uye zvipembenene zvine zvigadzirwa zvakatenderwa zvakasiyana, zvinodiwa pakushandisa, kushivirira kwechirimwa, kufunga nezvezvisaririra, uye kurambidzwa kwekukura.
3. Sei zvisaririra zvemishonga yezvipembenene zvakakosha pakusarudza zvigadzirwa?
Masara mazinga anoenderana nemakemikari, chirimwa, mwero, nguva, uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Kusarudzwa kwechigadzirwa kwakakodzera kunobatsira kuchengetedza zvakasara mukati mezvido zvekuchengetedza chikafu.
4. Nei nguva yekushandisa ichikosha?
Nguva inokanganisa kudzora tumbuyu, kuchengetedza zvirimwa, kufamba kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuderera kwezvisaririra. Varimi vanofanira kutevera nguva dzakatenderwa dzekunyorera uye zvinodiwa pakukohwa kusati kwaitwa.
5. Zviyo zvakachengetwa uye zviyo zvinofanira kudzivirirwa sei?
Tanga nekuchengetedza kwakachena, kwakaoma uye kuziva tumbuyu chaiko. Shandisa chete zvigadzirwa zvakatenderwa kune zvakachengetwa uye tevera zvese zvinodiwa nemalebula.
6. MRL zvinorevei?
MRL zvinoreva Maximum Residue Limit, mwero wakasimwa wakasara unotenderwa chikafu chakatarwa kana chikafu chekudya kana mishonga yezvipembenene ichishandiswa zvinoenderana nemaitiro akatenderwa.
7. Kurapa kwezvipembenene kwakasanganiswa kungaderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene here?
Ehe. Kutarisisa, kutenderedza zvirimwa, hutsanana, mhando dzisingachinji, zvidzoreso zvebhayoloji, uye dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira zvinogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene zvisina kufanira uku uchichengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka kwegoho.
8. Marekodhi epapurazi angavandudza sei kusarudza mishonga yezvipembenene?
Marekodhi anoratidza tupukanana, mhedzisiro yekurapa, nguva yekushandisa, mamiriro ekunze, uye kuita kwechigadzirwa, zvichibatsira varimi kuvandudza sarudzo dzeramangwana uye kudzivirira kurapwa kusingakoshi.
Iwe une chero mibvunzo, mazano, kana mipiro? Kana zvirizvo, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kushandisa bhokisi rekutaura pazasi kugovera pfungwa dzako. Tinokukurudzirawo kuti ugoverane nomutsa mashoko aya nevamwe vangabatsirwa nawo. Sezvo tisingakwanisi kusvika munhu wose panguva imwe chete, tinoonga zvechokwadi rubatsiro rwenyu mukuparadzira shoko. Ndinokutendai zvikuru nerutsigiro rwenyu uye nokugoverana!
Verenga zvakare: Basa reMishonga Yezvipembenene muIntegrated Pest Management for Crop Protection