Imithi yokubulala ukhula efika emhlabathini ihlangana nezinhlayiya zenhlabathi, amanzi, izinto eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms, kanye nezimo zemvelo ezithonya ukunyakaza kwazo, ukutholakala, ukuphikelela, ukuwohloka, kanye nokusebenza kahle ngemva kokufakwa.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula ingena enhlabathini ngokutshala ngaphambi kokutshala nokuvela ngaphambi kokuvela, ukugeleza kwamaqabunga ngemva kokwelashwa kwangemva kokuvela, nokubola noma ukufakwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo eziqukethe izinsalela zamakhemikhali.
Lokhu kuhlangana kwe-herbicide kunquma ukuthi ama-molecule ahlala ekhona yini ukuze athathelwe ukhula, anamathele kakhulu ezinhlayiyeni zomhlabathi, adlule ephrofayilini, aguquguquke, noma ashintshe amakhemikhali kanye ne-biological.
Ukuphikelela nakho kubalulekile ngoba umuthi wokubulala ukhula onyamalala ngokushesha ungase unikeze ukulawula okunganele kokhula oluvela kamuva, kuyilapho ukuphikelela ngokweqile kungasongela izitshalo ezishintshayo ezizwelayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ukusebenzisana kwe-herbicide enhlabathini kusiza abalimi ukuthi bakhethe imikhiqizo efanelekile, amanani okufaka, izikhathi, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha zokulawula ukhula okuthembekile kuyilapho kunciphisa ukunyakaza okungadingekile nokulahlekelwa kwemvelo.
Kusho Ukuthini Ukusebenzisana Kwemithi Yokutshala Umhlabathi
Ukusebenzisana kwe-soil herbicide kuchaza ubudlelwano obubonakalayo namakhemikhali phakathi kwesibulala-zinambuzane esifakelwe, izinhlayiya zenhlabathi, amanzi enhlabathini, izinto eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms, nezimo zemvelo ezizungezile ngemva kokufakwa.
Lokhu kusebenzisana kunquma ukuthi ingakanani i-herbicide ehlala incibilikile emanzini asenhlabathini nokuthi inamathela kangakanani obumba, izinto eziphilayo, indawo yamaminerali, noma ezinye izingxenye zenhlabathi.
I-adsorption enamandla inganciphisa ukumuncwa kokhula ngokushesha ngoba amakhemikhali amancane ahlala esixazululweni senhlabathi, nakuba ukubopha isikhashana kungase kunciphise ukuvuza futhi kuvikele ekulahlekeni kwamakhemikhali ngokushesha.
Ukukhangisa okubuthakathaka kungashiya imithi yokubulala ukhula itholakale ukuze ithathwe, kodwa ingase futhi ikhulise ukunyakaza ngokugeleza, ukucwiliswa, ukuguquguquka, noma ezinye izindlela zokudlulisa.
Ubudlelwano bubaluleka ikakhulukazi uma abalimi besebenzisa ukunyakaza kwesibulala-zinambuzane emhlabathini imigomo yokuqonda ukuthi imithi yokubulala ukhula ingafinyelela imbewu yokhula emilayo ngaphandle kokudlulela ngale kwendawo yokwelapha okuhlosiwe.
Ekugcineni, ukusebenza kahle kwe-herbicide kuncike ekugcineni ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali okwanele eduze kokhula oluqondiwe kuyilapho kukhawulwa ukulahlekelwa okunciphisa ukulawula, okwandisa ukukhathazeka kwezinsalela, noma ukungcolisa izinsiza zemvelo ezizungezile.
Funda Futhi: Izindlela Zokuphatha Ezithinta Ukuhamba Kwezibulala-zinambuzane Emhlabathini
Izindlela Zokumunca Izibulala-khula Emhlabathini
1. I-Hydrophobic Partitioning: Le nqubo isusa isibulala-magciwane esiphilayo emanzini asenhlabathini siyise ezinto eziphilayo ze-hydrophobic, lapho izifunda ezingezona ezimhlophe zinikeza izindawo ezikahle zokugcina ama-molecule amakhemikhali kude nesisombululo senhlabathi.
2. Amabutho aseLondon-Van Der Waals: Lezi zindawo ezikhangayo ezibuthakathaka zithuthuka kusukela ekusabalaliseni ama-electron esikhashana phakathi kwama-molecule aseduze, ziba namandla ezindaweni ezikhudlwana zokuthintana, futhi ngokuvamile zibe nomthelela kumakhompiyutha angathathi hlangothi anesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu kakhulu.
3. I-Hydrogen Bonding: Ukubopha nge-hydrogen kudala izinto eziheha amandla kagesi ezinamandla kakhulu ezihlanganisa i-hydrogen nama-athomu e-electronegative, okuvumela amaqembu amaningana asebenzayo e-herbicide ukuthi ahlangane nezindawo eziphilayo kanye nezindawo zamaminerali ngaphakathi kwenhlabathi.
4. I-Cation And Water Bridging: Ama-cations ensimbi ashintshekayo angaxhuma amaqembu e-polar herbicide nezindawo zenhlabathi, kuyilapho ama-molecule amanzi angase ahlale phakathi kwe-cation kanye ne-herbicide uma ukugudluzwa okuqondile kungenzeki.
5. Ukusebenzisana kwe-Ionic Nokwangaphandle: Ama-molecule okubulala ukhula ashajwa angashintshana neziza zenhlabathi ezikhokhiswe ngokuphambene, ikakhulukazi kumaminerali obumba, izinto eziphilayo, ama-iron oxides, nezinye izindawo ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi.
I-Hydrophobic And Van Der Waals Ukusebenzisana
I-Hydrophobic partitioning kwenzeka lapho umuthi we-organic herbicide ushiya isigaba esinamanzi futhi uhlotshaniswa nezingxenye ze-hydrophobic ze-organic matter yenhlabathi, wehlisa ukugcwala kwawo emanzini omhlaba okwesikhashana.
Lokhu kusebenzisana kuncike kakhulu ezicini zamakhemikhali zomuthi wokubulala ukhula kanye nenani nekhwalithi yezinto eziphilayo ezikhona endaweni ezungezile yomhlabathi.
Amandla eLondon-van der Waals akhiqiza okukhangayo okubuthakathaka kunezinye izindlela ezimbalwa zokuhlanganisa, kodwa ukusebenzisana okuningi komuntu ngamunye kungahlangana ezindaweni ezibanzi zokuthintana phakathi kwezinhlayiya zenhlabathi nama-molecule e-herbicide.
Ngenxa yokuthi la mandla aba buthaka ngokushesha ngebanga, ama-molecule kufanele ahlale eseduze nendawo ekhangisayo ukuze ukuxhumana kuhlale kubalulekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngakho-ke abalimi kufanele bakuqaphele lokho izakhiwo zomhlabathi ezithinta ukuhamba kwezibulala-zinambuzane ingashintsha ibhalansi phakathi kwe-herbicide egciniwe kanye ne-herbicide encibilikisiwe etholakalayo ukuze imuke izitshalo.
Idatha ye-Adsorption ivamise ukuncika kumamodeli ezibalo afana nezibalo ze-Freundlich ne-Langmuir, ezisiza ukuchaza ukuthi ukugxilwa kwamakhemikhali kuhlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwezindawo zomhlabathi nesixazululo esizungezile.
I-Hydrogen Bonding kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwamanzi
1. I-Hydrogen Bonding: Izindawo zenhlabathi eziqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo afanelekile zingaheha imithi yokubulala ukhula ngamabhondi e-hydrogen, idale ukuhlangana okuqinile kunamandla avamile aseLondon-van der Waals ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.
2. I-Organic Surface Ehehayo: I-organic matter ihlinzeka ngezindawo ezisebenzayo lapho ama-molecule e-herbicide angakha ukusebenzisana okuningi, okwenza umhlabathi ube yingxenye ebalulekile yokugcinwa kwe-herbicide.
3. I-Cation Bridging: Ama-cations ashintshekayo angenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-molecule e-herbicide kanye nezindawo zenhlabathi ezikhokhiswe kabi, ikakhulukazi lapho ikhemikhali iqukethe ama-anionic noma amaqembu asebenza ezindaweni ezipholile.
4. Ibhuloho lamanzi: Ama-molecule amanzi angase ahlale eduze kwama-cations ashintshayo futhi adale ukuxhumana okungaqondile phakathi kwe-cation kanye ne-herbicide lapho umuthi wokubhubhisa ukhula ungeke ukwazi ukufaka ngokuqondile ama-molecule amanzi ahlanganisiwe.
5. Ukuncika kwemvelo: Umswakama, ukwakheka kwamaminerali, i-organic matter, nezinto ezincibilikisiwe ezincintisanayo zingashintsha amandla nobude balokhu kusebenzisana, kwenze izimo ze-adsorption ziguquke kakhulu.
I-Ion Exchange kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-Ligand
1. I-Anion Bonding: Ama-molecule e-herbicide ashajiwe kabi anganamathisela kumasayithi ashajwe kahle ezindaweni ezithile zamaminerali ane-asidi, ikakhulukazi lapho ama-iron oxides nezinto zokushaja okuguquguqukayo kunikeza izindawo ezifanele zokukhanga.
2. I-Ligand Exchange: Umuthi wokubulala ukhula oqukethe i-carboxylate noma amaqembu e-hydroxyl ungashintsha amanzi noma amaqembu e-hydroxyl azungeze ama-ion ensimbi endaweni yamaminerali, ekhiqiza izinhlangano eziqinile ngokuqhathaniswa.
3. I-Protonation: Amaqembu e-herbicide ayisisekelo angamukela ama-protons ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-acidic, ashintshe ukushajwa kwawo futhi akhulise ukukhanga endaweni yamaminerali ane-charged negative kanye namanye ama-colloid enhlabathi.
4. I-Cation Exchange: Imithi yokubulala ukhula ene-positively charged ingashintshana namanye ama-cations kubumba olushaywe kabi kanye nasezindaweni eziphilayo, okwenza le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-compounds ane-cationic.
5. Ukuziphatha Okuncike Enkokhelweni: I-pH yomhlabathi ilawula i-ionization yamakhemikhali emithini eminingi yokubulala ukhula, ngakho-ke izinguquko ku-acidity zingashintsha ukukhangiswa, ukuhamba, ukutholakala, ukuwohloka, kanye namandla okulimala kwezitshalo.
Ukubaluleka kwalezi zindlela kuyacaca uma kucutshungulwa izici zomhlabathi ezilawula ukuhamba okungcolile, ngoba i-pH, okuqukethwe kobumba, izinto eziphilayo, nezindawo zamaminerali zithonya ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali.
I-Covalent Bonding Nokuphikelela Kwe-Herbicide
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-covalent kuyahluka ekukhangisweni okubuthakathaka okubuyisela emuva ngoba kungakha izixhumanisi eziqine kakhulu phakathi kwama-molecule e-herbicide, ama-metabolite, kanye nezingxenye ze-organic organic matter.
Lawa mabhondi angase akheke ngokuhlangana kwe-oxidative, ukusabela kwe-enzymatic, noma ezinye izindlela zokuguqulwa ezinamathisela izinsalela zamakhemikhali ezakhiweni eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwenhlabathi.
Uma izinhlangano ezihlangene sezithuthukile, ukumba kanye nokutholakala kwebhayoloji kungehla kakhulu, okungase kwehlise umsebenzi wokubulala ukhula ngokushesha kuyilapho kukhulisa inani eligcinwe enhlabathini.
Nokho, ukukhishwa okuncishisiwe akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukususwa unomphela ngoba izinguquko zendawo ngezinye izikhathi zingashintsha izinsalela eziboshiwe noma zikhulule izingxenyana zamakhemikhali ezigcinwe ngaphambilini.
Ngakho-ke ukuqonda ukuphikelela kudinga ukunakwa izici ezinomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwezibulala-zinambuzane, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kwe-microbial, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-chemistry yenhlabathi, izakhiwo zezibulala-zinambuzane, nezimo zemvelo ezizungezile.
Izinsalela ezibeleselayo zingadala ukulawulwa kokhula okuwusizo kwezinye izinhlelo zokutshala, kodwa ukuphikelela ngokweqile kungalimaza izitshalo ezishintshayo ezibucayi futhi kube nzima ukukhetha imichiza yokubulala ukhula esikhathini esizayo.
Izinto Zomhlabathi Ezithinta Ukusebenza Komuthi Wokubulala Ukhula
1. Ukwakheka Kwenhlabathi: Inhlabathi eyisihlabathi ivamise ukuvumela ukunyakaza kwamanzi ngokushesha, kuyilapho inhlabathi enobumba enothile inikeza indawo engaphezulu ukuze ikwazi ukukhanga, idale amaphethini ahlukene okutholakala kweherbicide, ukuhamba, nokuphikelela.
2. I-Organic Matter: I-organic matter ihlinzeka ngezindawo eziningi zokubopha ama-molecule ezibulala-zinambuzane futhi inganciphisa ukunyakaza okuya phansi, nakuba ukugcinwa okuqinile kungase futhi kwehlise ukutholakala ngokushesha kokuthathwa kokhula.
3. Umswakama womhlabathi: Amanzi aqhudelana ngeziza zokukhangiswa futhi aphinde asekele ukusebenza kwe-microbial, ngakho-ke izinguquko kumswakama zingathonya ukuchithwa kwe-herbicide, ukunyakaza, ukuwohloka, kanye nokutholakala kwezinto eziphilayo.
4. I-pH yomhlabathi: I-acidity ishintsha indlela yokushaja kanye nekhemikhali yemithi eminingi yokubulala ukhula, ishintsha amandla e-adsorption, ukuphikelela, izindlela zokuwohloka, kanye nenani elisele elitholakalayo lokuthathwa kwezitshalo.
5. Ukwakheka Kwenhlabathi: Ukuhlanganisa, imifantu, izimbotshana, ukuminyana, kanye nezindlela zokugeleza ezikhethwayo kunomthelela endleleni amanzi nezibulala-khula ezincibilikile ezihamba ngayo kuphrofayili ngemva kokuna kwemvula noma ukuchelela.
Ukuhamba kweHerbicide, Ukucekelwa phansi kanye Nokuphepha Kwezitshalo
Ukuhamba kwe-herbicide kunquma ukuthi ingabe isithako esisebenzayo sihlala siseduze kwendawo yokwelapha noma siya enhlabathini ejulile, ukugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, noma umkhathi ozungezile.
Ukuvuza kwenzeka lapho umuthi oncibilikisiwe wehla njalo ngamanzi angena ngaphakathi, kuyilapho ukugeleza kuthwala amakhemikhali endaweni yonke lapho imvula noma ukunisela kudlula umthamo wokungena.
Abalimi bangakwazi ukulawula kangcono lezi zingozi ngokuqonda izimo zesayithi ezithinta ukuhamba kwezibulala-zinambuzane, okuhlanganisa ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, isayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, ukungena kwamanzi, izindlela zokuna kwemvula, izinga lokushisa nomoya.
Ukonakala kungase kwenzeke ngokusebenza kwamagciwane, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, noma ukuwohloka kwezithombe, futhi indlela ngayinye isabela ngendlela ehlukile kumswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa, i-pH, ukutholakala komoyampilo, nokukhanya kwelanga.
Ucwaningo ku ukungcoliswa komhlaba kanye nokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali iphinde ikhombise ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuphatha imithi yokubulala ukhula ngendlela efanele, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuphinda kufakwe izicelo kungaba nomthelela ekucindezelweni kwemvelo okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi esifanele, amazinga okufaka afanele, izimo zenhlabathi ezifanele, kanye nokuqapha isimo sezulu ngokucophelela kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kwe-herbicide ngenkathi kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile futhi kuvikela izitshalo ezingahlosiwe kanye nemithombo yamanzi.
Funda Futhi: Izimo Zesayithi Ezithinta Ukuhamba Kwezibulala-zinambuzane Emhlabathini
Izinto Ezisebenzayo Zokusebenza Okungcono Komuthi Wokubulala Ukhula
Ukusebenza kahle kwemithi yokubulala ukhula kudinga abalimi ukuthi baqondanise ukuziphatha kwamakhemikhali nezimo zenhlabathi, izidingo zezitshalo, ukucindezela kokhula, okulindelwe imvula, kanye nesikhathi esifiswayo sokucindezelwa kokhula.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula encibilika emanzini ingase ihambe ngokushesha ngemva kokuna kwemvula, kuyilapho imikhiqizo ekhangisiwe ingahlala iseduze nendawo esetshenziswayo futhi inikeze amaphethini ahlukene okuthatha izimpande nokuphikelela.
Ukulawula imvelo engcono, abalimi kufanele baqonde izindlela zokuphatha ezinomthelela ekuthuthweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ikakhulukazi isikhathi sokunisela, izinga lokufaka isicelo, indlela yokufaka isicelo, nezimo zensimu.
Ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu endaweni eyehlelayo, ezindaweni eziminyene, noma ezindaweni ezithola imvula enamandla ngoba amanzi angathwala izinsalela zomuthi ziwasuse ezindaweni ezihlosiwe zokwelashwa.
Ukuqonda izinqubo zokongiwa komhlabathi ingasekela ukuphathwa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula ngoba ukumboza kwezitshalo, ukuphazamiseka okuncishisiwe, ukungena okuthuthukisiwe, nokulawula ukuguguleka kunganciphisa ukunyakaza kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni ezihlanziwe.
Abalimi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi balandele ilebula yomkhiqizo yemikhawulo yezitshalo, amanani, isikhathi sokufaka isicelo, izinyathelo zokuvikela, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha kwemvelo ngoba ukwakheka kwehluka kakhulu ekuziphatheni nasezimfuneko zokulawula.
Imiphumela Yemvelo Yokusebenzelana Kwemithi Yokutshala Ukhula
Lapho imithi yokubulala ukhula ihamba ngaphezu kwalokho okuhlosiwe, ingase ithinte izitshalo ezingahlosiwe, indawo yasemanzini, izinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi, nezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo, kuye ngokugxila, ukuphikelela, umzila wokuchayeka, nokuzwela.
Ukugeleza kwamanzi kungathwala imithi yokubulala ukhula iyiyise emifudlaneni, emachibini, nasemigudwini yokudonsa amanzi, kuyilapho ezokuthutha eziya phansi zingangenisa izinsalela ezincibilikile emanzini angaphansi komhlaba lapho izimo zenhlabathi nezejiyoloji zivumela ukuhamba ngokushesha.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo nokungcoliswa kwamanzi kuxoxwa ngakho ku imithombo kanye nezinhlobo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, lapho ukugeleza kwezolimo kumelela indlela ebalulekile yokungangcolisi indawo.
Ukuvikelwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nakho kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kokuncibilika kwe-herbicide, ukuphikelela, ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi, ukungena kwamanzi, isikhathi sokufaka, imvula, kanye nebanga elihlukanisa amasimu ahlanziwe emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Ulwazi luvuliwe ukuphathwa kokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvimbela ukunyakaza kwamakhemikhali ngoba ukulungisa kungase kube nzima ngokobuchwepheshe, kubize, futhi kudle isikhathi ngemva kokwenzeka kokungcola.
Abalimi banganciphisa lezi zingozi ngokugwema ukufaka izicelo ezingenasidingo, ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile, ukuhlonipha imingcele yesimo sezulu, ukugcina ukumbozwa komhlabathi, nokukhetha imithi yokubulala ukhula efanele inhlabathi kanye nohlelo lokutshala.
Umbono owengeziwe ku izimiso zokuvikela izinga lamanzi igcizelela ukuvikela kanye nezinqubo zezolimo eziphusile njengezindlela ezisebenzayo zokunqanda ukungcoliswa okusabalele okuvela emapulazini.
Ubuphathi obuhle bubuye busekele ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi ngokunciphisa amathuba okuthi amakhemikhali ezolimo angene emithonjeni, emifudlaneni, emifuleni, emachibini, nakweminye imithombo yamanzi ebalulekile.
Ukukhathazeka ngokungcoliswa komhlabathi kudlulela ngale kwamanzi ngoba ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali okuphindaphindiwe kungaba nomthelela ekwandeni ukungcoliswa komhlaba lapho imikhiqizo isetshenziswa kabi, ichitheka, noma ilawulwa kabi.
Imithelela ebanzi yokungcoliswa kuxoxwa ngayo ngaphansi imiphumela yezinto eziyingozi emhlabathini, okuhlanganisa imithelela engaba khona ekukhiqizweni kwenhlabathi, izinto eziphilayo, izimila, kanye nekhwalithi yemvelo.
Ngakho-ke ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali asepulazini kufanele kube yingxenye yendlela ebanzi yokuphatha imvelo evikela ukusebenza kwenhlabathi kuyilapho igcina ukulawulwa kokhula okuthembekile nokuwusizo ngokomnotho.
Izingcindezi zezolimo ezihlobene nazo kuxoxwa ngazo ku ukuphathwa kwemfucuza yezolimo, lapho izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-khula zivela phakathi kwezinto ezidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele.
Ngokufanayo, izindlela zokuphatha imfucuza yezolimo khombisa ukuthi kungani ukuvikela, ukugcinwa okufanele, ukuphatha ngendlela efanele, kanye nokulahlwa okufanele kubalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezolimo.
Imiphumela yokungcola ingase ibe nomthelela ekuphepheni kokudla, ukwenza ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali ezolimo kokudla ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile noma nini lapho izinsalela ze-herbicide zihlala ezindaweni zokukhiqiza.
Ukuvikela inhlabathi ekhiqizayo kuhlala kubalulekile, futhi ukuqonda izakhiwo zomhlabathi isiza abalimi ukuthi bahumushe ukuthi ukuthungwa, ukwakheka, amanzi, izinto eziphilayo, nezimo zamakhemikhali zinethonya kanjani ekuziphatheni kwe-herbicide.
Ubuphathi besikhathi eside bubuye buxhumene ne ukuphathwa kwemithombo yomhlabathi, egcizelela ukugcinwa kwenhlabathi ukusebenza kanye namandla okukhiqiza kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuwohloka okubangelwa imikhuba yezolimo engafanele.
Izinqumo zokusetshenziswa komhlaba zibalulekile ngoba ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba kanye nokucindezela kwemvelo kunganyuka lapho ukungcola, ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ukucinana, usawoti, kanye nokuphathwa okungekuhle kuhlangana ezindaweni zezolimo.
Okokugcina, imiphumela ebanzi yokungcoliswa kwamanzi ibonisa ukuthi kungani ukulahlekelwa kwamakhemikhali kufanelwe ukunakwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba amanzi angcolile angathinta i-ecosystem kanye nezinto eziphilayo lapho ukungcola kufinyelela ezindaweni ezibucayi zasemanzini.
Ukuqonda lokhu kuxhumana kuvumela abalimi nabaphathi bezemvelo ukuthi baphathe ukusebenzisana kwe-herbicide enhlabathini njengengxenye yohlelo oludidiyelwe kunokubheka ukulawulwa kokhula njengokusebenza kwamakhemikhali okukodwa.
Isifinyezo Sokusebenzelana Komuthi Wokutshala Ukhula kanye Nokusebenza Kwezibulala-zinambuzane
| Isici | Iphuzu Elibalulekile |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenzelana kwe-Herbicide | Ichaza ukuthi imithi yokubulala ukhula ihlangana kanjani nezinhlayiya zenhlabathi, amanzi, izinto eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms, kanye nezimo zemvelo. |
| I-Adsorption | Ilawula ukuthi imichiza yokubulala ukhula ibopha ngokuqinile kangakanani endaweni engaphezulu yenhlabathi nokuthi kungakanani okusele okutholakala kusixazululo senhlabathi. |
| Izindlela Zokuhlanganisa | Kufaka phakathi ukwahlukanisa kwe-hydrophobic, amandla e-van der Waals, i-hydrogen bonding, i-cation bridging, i-protonation, i-ion exchange, i-ligand exchange, ne-covalent bonding. |
| Izinto Zomhlaba | Ukwakheka kwemvelo, izinto eziphilayo, umswakama, i-pH, ukwakheka, kanye nokwakheka kwezimbiwa kunomthelela kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwe-herbicide. |
| Ukusebenza Kwe-Herbicide | Kuncike ngokwengxenye ekugcineni isithako esanele esisebenzayo sitholakala eduze kokhula oluqondiwe ukuze luluthathe ngempumelelo. |
| Ukuphikelela | Ukuphikelela isikhathi eside kungase kuthuthukise ukulawulwa kokhula okuyinsalela kodwa kungandisa ubungozi bokulimala kwezitshalo. |
| Ukuhamba | Ukucwiliswa kwamanzi, ukugeleza, ukushibilika, nokugeleza okukhethekile kungasusa imithi yokubulala ukhula kude nezindawo okuhlosiwe. |
| Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo | Ukukhethwa komkhiqizo okulungile, isikhathi, amazinga okufaka isicelo, ukuqapha isimo sezulu, nokuphathwa kwenhlabathi kunganciphisa ukulahleka kwamakhemikhali okungadingekile. |
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokusebenzelana Komuthi Womhlaba kanye Nokusebenza Kwezibulala-Herbicide Kuchaziwe
1. Kuyini ukusebenzisana kwe-herbicide yomhlabathi?
Ichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwemithi yokubulala ukhula nezinhlayiya zenhlabathi, izinto eziphilayo, amanzi, amaminerali, ama-microorganisms, kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinquma ukutholakala kwe-herbicide, ukunyakaza, ukuphikelela, ukuwohloka, nokusebenza ngempumelelo.
2. I-adsorption ithinta kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwe-herbicide?
Ukufakwa kwe-adsorption okuqinile kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-herbicide esixazululweni senhlabathi futhi kukhawulele ukumuncwa kokhula, nakuba kungase futhi kunciphise ukucwiliswa kwamanzi futhi kwandise umsebenzi wensalela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
3. Kungani i-pH yomhlabathi ibalulekile emithini yokubulala ukhula?
I-pH yomhlabathi ingashintsha inkokhiso ye-herbicide kanye nefomu lamakhemikhali, elishintsha ukukhangiswa, ukuhamba, ukuwohloka, ukuphikelela, ukutholakala, kanye nokulimala kwezitshalo okungaba khona emaqenjini athile e-herbicide.
4. Ingabe izinto eziphilayo zinganciphisa ukunyakaza kokubulala ukhula?
Yebo. Izinto eziphilayo zinganikeza amasayithi abophayo agcina ama-molecule e-herbicide, enciphisa ukuhamba kwawo emhlabathini, nakuba ukugcinwa okunamandla kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi kunganciphisa ukutholakala ngokushesha kokulawula ukhula.
5. Ukuna kwemvula kungathinta kanjani ukuziphatha kokubulala ukhula emhlabathini?
Ukuna kwemvula kungahambisa imithi yokubulala ukhula encibilikisiwe emhlabathini noma phezu komhlaba, okungase kube ngcono ukulethwa kwendawo yezimpande noma kubangele ukugeleza nokugeleza lapho ukunyakaza kwamanzi kuba ngokweqile.
6. Kungani imithi yokubulala ukhula engapheli ingalimaza izitshalo zakamuva?
Umuthi wokubulala ukhula ophikelelayo ungahlala usebenza ngokwezinto eziphilayo ngemva kwenkathi yokuqala yezitshalo, ovumela izinsalela ukuba zithinte izitshalo ezishintshayo ezizwelayo lapho izimo zenhlabathi zikhipha amakhemikhali anele ukuze kuthathwe izitshalo.
7. Yini enquma ukuhamba kwe-herbicide emhlabathini?
Ukunyakaza kuncike ekuncibilikeni kwe-herbicide, amandla e-adsorption, ukuphikelela, ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka, umswakama, izinto eziphilayo, i-pH, imvula, ukuchelela, ukuthambeka, nezimo ze-geological.
8. Abalimi bangathuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kwezibulala-khula?
Abalimi bangathuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo ngokukhetha imikhiqizo efanelekile, ngokulandela iziqondiso zelebula, ukusebenzisa amanani afanele, ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele, ukuqapha isimo sezulu, nokucabangela izici zomhlabathi ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Futhi sikukhuthaza ukuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa kakhulu usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!
Funda Futhi: Izindlela Zamakhemikhali Zokulawula Ukhula Umhlahlandlela