Imithelela Yamanzi Angcolile Kumuntu

Amanzi ahlanzekile abalulekile ekuphuzeni, ekuphekeni, ekukhunjweni kwendle, ezolimo, nakwezinye izinto zansuku zonke, nokho amanzi angangcoliswa amagciwane, amakhemikhali, imisoco, imfucumfucu, nezinto ezingokwemvelo ukuze zisetshenziswe abantu ngokuphephile.

Abantu bavame ukubuza ukuthi yikuphi ukungcola okukhona emanzini, ukuthi lezo zinto zigxile kangakanani, nokuthi ukuchayeka kungaveza ukugula okusheshayo, isifo sesikhathi eside, izinkinga zokukhula, noma eminye imiphumela eyingozi ngaphansi kwezimo zokuchayeka ezihlukene.

Umthelela wezempilo wamanzi angcolile uncike kukungcola, inani elikhona, ubude besikhathi kanye nomzila wokuchayeka, ubudala, isimo sezempilo, nokuthi ingabe amanzi ayaphathwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kanye nokugxila okuhilelekile.

Ukungcola kungase kwenzeke emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, emifuleni, emachibini, emachibini, emithonjeni, emithonjeni yokugcina izinto, ezindaweni zokusakaza, noma ezitsheni zasendlini lapho izinto eziyingozi zingena emanzini phakathi nokuqoqwa, ukuthuthwa, ukwelashwa, nokugcinwa ngaphambi kokufinyelela lapho zisetshenziswa.

Lesi sihloko sichaza imiphumela ebalulekile yamanzi angcolile kubantu, egxile ku-nitrate, i-arsenic, izibulala-zinambuzane, ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezinganciphisa ukuchayeka nokuvikela impilo yomphakathi emakhaya nasemiphakathini ngokufanayo.

Ukuqonda Amanzi Angcolile Nemiphumela Yawo

Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kwenzeka lapho izinto zishintsha isimo samanzi, amakhemikhali, noma sebhayoloji ngokwanele ukuwenza angaphephile ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuphuza, ukupheka, ukuzijabulisa, ukuchelela, noma ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo.

Imithombo evamile ihlanganisa indle, ukugeleza kwezolimo, ukuchithwa kwezimboni, izindawo ezivuzayo zemfucumfucu, amanzi esiphepho, amasistimu e-septic anganakekelwa kahle, namaminerali avela ngokwemvelo ancibilika emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuma komhlaba ezindaweni ezihlukene zamanzi.

Izinto ezingcolisa amanzi zingase zihlanganiswe zibe izingcolisi ze-microbial, inorganic, pesticide kanye neherbicide, amakhemikhali aphilayo, ama-radioactive, kanye nezingcolisi zomzimba, iqembu ngalinye likhiqiza izindlela zokuchayeka ezihlukene kanye nemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona kuwo wonke amanzi ahlukene.

Isimo somthombo wamanzi singashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba imvula, izikhukhula, isomiso, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukwehluleka ukwelashwa, ukulimala kwengqalasizinda, nokukhishwa ngengozi kungashintsha ukugxila kokungcola kakhulu ezinkathini ezihlukene zonyaka.

Abantu abasebenzisa imithombo yangasese bangase babhekane nezingozi ezihlukene kulabo abathola izimpahla zikamasipala ezilashiwe ngoba amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, imisebenzi eseduze, ukwakhiwa kwemithombo, ukunakekelwa, kanye nezinqubo zokuqapha zingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo nemiphakathi.

Amanzi angcolile angathinta abantu ngokuphuza, ukulungisa ukudla, ukugeza, ukuhogela ama-aerosol, ukuthinta isikhumba, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo nezilwane ezichayeke emanzini angcolile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi phakathi nemicimbi yokuchayeka emanzini angcolile.

Imiphumela yezempilo isukela ekuguleni emathunjini kwesikhashana kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuya ekulimaleni kwezitho, imiphumela yokuthuthuka, izinkinga zokuzala, ukulimala kwezinzwa, kanye nemidlavuza ethile, kuye ngokungcola nezinga lokuchayeka nokuba sengozini komuntu ngamunye.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezingcolisayo zihluka kakhulu, ukubukeka okuguqubele, ukunambitheka okungavamile, noma iphunga elingathandeki akukwazi ukunquma ngokuqinisekile ukuthi amanzi aphephile yini, ukuhlolwa kwamanzi okufanele, ukwelashwa, nokuvikelwa komthombo kubalulekile ezindlini.

Funda Futhi: Isizathu Sesampula Kadoti kanye Namasu

Imithelela Ye-Nitrate Emanzini Angcolile

I-Nitrate iyinhlanganisela equkethe i-nitrogen evame ukuhlotshaniswa nomanyolo, umquba, amanzi angcolile, neminye imithombo yokungcoliswa kwezakhi, ikakhulukazi lapho imisebenzi yezolimo yenzeka eduze namanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma imithombo yamanzi angaphezulu okuhlanganisa nemithombo yamanzi okuphuza evikelwe kabi.

Lapho amazinga e-nitrate eba phezulu emanzini okuphuza, izinsana zingabhekana nengozi ethile ngoba i-nitrate ingaba nomthelela ku-methemoglobinemia, isimo esinciphisa amandla egazi okuthwala umoya-mpilo ezinganeni ezincane.

Lesi simo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-blue-baby syndrome ngoba ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo okwanele kungabangela isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinkinga ezinkulu noma ukufa lapho ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kunikezwa ngokushesha emiphakathini ethintekile.

Izinsana ezincane zisengozini ikakhulukazi ngoba izinhlelo zabo zokugaya ukudla ezikhulayo kanye nezici zomzimba zingakhuphula ukuguqulwa kwe-nitrate ku-nitrite, okuphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwe-oksijini evamile egazini lapho ukukhucululwa kwendle nokuqapha kulinganiselwe.

Ukukhulelwa nakho kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ngoba ukuchayeka ku-nitrate ephakeme kuye kwaphenywa ukuze kuhlotshaniswe okungenzeka nemiphumela emibi yokuzala, nakuba ubungozi bomuntu ngamunye buncike emazingeni okuchayeka nezinye izici kuzo zonke izilungiselelo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa kwamanzi.

Ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrate kungase kungene emanzini okuphuza lapho umanyolo, imfucumfucu yezilwane, izinhlelo ze-septic, noma imithombo yendle ihamba emhlabathini futhi ifinyelela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, ikakhulukazi lapho izithiyo zokuzivikela zingenele ngemva kokwenzeka kwezehlakalo ezinkulu zemvelo.

Ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kwe-nitrate kudinga ukuvikela imithombo, ukuphatha umanyolo ngokuzibophezela, ukulawula umquba namanzi angcolile, ukugcinwa kwezinhlelo ze-septic, nokuhlola imithombo yamanzi esengozini njalo lapho kusolakala ukuthi ukungcola kusolakala futhi kudingeka ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Imindeni kufanele ithole ulwazi oluthembekile lwekhwalithi yamanzi futhi ifune isiqondiso sochwepheshe lapho ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrate kuqinisekiswa, ikakhulukazi lapho kulungiselelwa amanzi okuphuza noma ubisi lwebhodlela lezingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuyo yonke imiphakathi yasemaphandleni.

Imiphumela ye-Arsenic emanzini Angcolile

I-arsenic ingenzeka ngokwemvelo emanzini angaphansi komhlaba futhi ingase futhi ingene emanzini ngokusebenzisa izimayini, imisebenzi yezimboni, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza, noma ezinye izindlela zemvelo, okwenza kube ukungcola kwamakhemikhali okubalulekile okukhathazayo okuhlanganisa nemithombo engavikelwe kahle.

I-arsenic ye-inorganic inobuthi ikakhulukazi, futhi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ngamanzi okuphuza kungaba nomthelela ekushintsheni kwesikhumba, izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isifo sikashukela, kanye nezingozi ezandayo zomdlavuza eminingana ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside.

Ukuchayeka kwe-arsenic nakho kuye kwahlotshaniswa nemiphumela yokukhulelwa engemihle kanye nokukhathazeka kokukhula, ngokuchayeka kwasebusheni kuthola ukunakwa okukhethekile ngoba izingane zingathola imiphumela ehlala njalo phakathi nezigaba ezibucayi zokukhula eminyakeni eminingi.

Ngokungafani nokungcoliswa kwamagciwane, i-arsenic ingase ingakhiqizi ukunambitheka okusobala, umbala, noma iphunga emanzini okuphuza, ngakho ukubukeka kukodwa akukwazi ukuthola ukuthi umthombo wamanzi uqukethe ukugxila okungaphephile yini ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Abantu bangase bahlangane ne-arsenic ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile, ukulungisa ukudla ngawo, ukunisela izitshalo, noma ukudla ukudla okukhiqizwe ngamanzi angcolile, okudala izindlela ezimbalwa zokuchayeka kwabantu ekugxilweni okuphezulu ezindaweni ezisengozini.

Ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kuqala ngokuhlola umthombo wamanzi, ikakhulukazi imithombo yangasese ezindaweni ezaziwa ukuthi zine-arsenic ephakeme ngokwemvelo, okulandelwa ukukhetha izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele ukugxiliswa okulinganiselwe nezimo zendawo.

Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziphephile zinganikeza ukuvikeleka okusheshayo lapho ukwelashwa kungatholakali, kungathembeki, noma kubiza kakhulu, kuyilapho amasistimu okwelapha anakekelwa kahle angasiza ekunciphiseni ukugxila kwe-arsenic uma yakhelwe izimo ezingcolisayo nokuchayeka.

Ngenxa yokuthi imiphumela ye-arsenic ihlobene kakhulu nokuchayeka okwandayo, imiphakathi kufanele ihlanganise ukuqapha okuvamile, ukuvikelwa komthombo, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo, kanye nokufundisa umphakathi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthintana okuphindaphindiwe namanzi okuphuza angcolile ukuze kuvikelwe umkhaya okuthembekile.

Imiphumela Yezibulala-zinambuzane Emanzini Angcolile

Izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-khula zingangena emanzini lapho amakhemikhali afakwa emapulazini, ezivandeni, otshanini, emigwaqweni, noma kwezinye izindawo ethwalwa imvula, ukugeleza kokunisela, ukugeleza kwamanzi, noma ukuhamba enhlabathini eseduze nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezolimo.

Amathuba okungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphuza ancike endaweni yamakhemikhali, izindlela zokusetshenziswa, izimo zemvelo, izici zenhlabathi, ibanga lemithombo yamanzi, nokusebenza kwezinyathelo zokuvikela emithonjeni nasezindleleni zamanzi ezidinga ukuphathwa okufanele.

Ezinye izithako zezibulala-zinambuzane ziphuka ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa, kanti ezinye zingaqhubeka isikhathi eside emhlabathini noma emanzini, okuvumela izinsalela ukuba zihlale zikhona ukuze zithuthwe futhi zichayeke ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile naphezu kokuziphatha okuhlukile kwemvelo.

Imiphumela yezempilo incike kusibulala-zinambuzane esithile, ukugxilisa ingqondo, umzila wokuchayeka, imvamisa yokuxhumana, kanye nokuba sengozini yomuntu ngamunye, ngakho izimangalo ezibanzi mayelana nesibulala-zinambuzane esikhiqiza ukugula okufanayo azifanelekile kunokuba zithathe ubungozi obulinganayo.

Izingane zingase zifanelwe ukuvikeleka ngokukhethekile ngoba imizimba ekhulayo ingasabela ngendlela ehlukile ekuchayekeni kwamakhemikhali, kuyilapho abesifazane abakhulelwe nabasebenzi bezolimo bengase babhekane namathuba engeziwe okuchayeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokukhula ezibucayi.

Ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kudinga ukulandela iziqondiso zelebula, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile, ukuvikela imizila yamanzi, ukubheka izindawo ezivikelekile, ukunakekela izinto zokusebenza, nokugcina amakhemikhali ngokuphephile kude nemithombo nemigudu yokukhipha amanzi eduze kwemithombo, imifudlana, namadamu.

Abalimi bangakwazi futhi ukunciphisa izingozi zokungcola ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezididiyelwe nezibhekele imvelo, okuhlanganisa ukuqapha, izinqubo zamasiko, izilawuli zebhayoloji, izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo, nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okukhethwe ngokucophelela lapho kudingeka kusetshenziswa amasu aphephile okulawula izinambuzane.

Imithombo yamanzi eseduze nokukhiqizwa kwezolimo okugxilile kufanele iqashelwe lapho ukungcoliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kubonakala kunengqondo, futhi ukuchayeka okusolisayo kufanele kuxoxiswane ngakho nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bezemvelo, bezolimo, noma bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze kuhlolwe okufanele ngaphambi kokuba ukuchayeka komuntu kube kukhulu.

Imithelela Yokungcola Kwebhayoloji Emanzini

Ukungcola kwebhayoloji kuhlanganisa amagciwane, amagciwane, i-protozoa, nezinye izinambuzane ezincane ezingangena emanzini ngokusebenzisa indle, imfucumfucu yezilwane, amanzi esiphepho, izinhlelo zokukhucululwa kwendle ezihlulekayo, izindawo ezingcolile, noma izinqubo zokuphatha ezingaphephile ezivela kokubili emithonjeni yomuntu nezilwane.

I-Escherichia coli ingabonisa ukungcoliswa kwendle, futhi izinhlobo ezithile zingabangela ukugula okukhulu kwamathumbu, kuyilapho ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-Giardia kanye ne-Cryptosporidium ziyizimbangela ezibalulekile zesifo sohudo esibangelwa amanzi ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abasengozini.

Izimpawu ezivela emanzini angcolile zingase zihlanganisa isifo sohudo, amajaqamba esiswini, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, imfiva, ukukhathala, nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ubukhulu obuthonywa umzimba kanye neminyaka noma impilo yomuntu kuye ngokuthi ukugula kwakhe kungakanani.

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungaba yingozi ngokushesha ezinsaneni, ezinganeni, kubantu abadala, nakubantu asebevele bebuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuhlanza nohudo kubangela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi oluningi kanye ne-electrolyte lapho ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungatholakali.

I-Cryptosporidium ingaba nzima ukuyilawula ngezindlela ezithile ezivamile zokubulala amagciwane, ukwenza ukuhlungwa, ukubilisa, noma izindlela zokwelapha zisebenze ngokukhethekile ngokumelene nomzimba obalulekile lapho ukutheleleka kusolwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziphuthumayo noma ezingaqinisekile.

Izinqubo zamanzi aphephile zihlanganisa ukuvikela imithombo ekungcoleni, ukunakekela izindawo zokuthuthwa kwendle, ukugeza izandla, ukunakekela amanzi angaqinisekile ngendlela efanele, nokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile ezitsheni ezihlanzekile, ezimboziwe ikakhulukazi abantu abasengozini.

Ukubilisa kungabulala amagciwane amaningi abangela izifo, kodwa ukubilisa akususi amakhemikhali ayingozi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma izinto ezikhipha imisebe, ngakho indlela yokwelapha efanele kufanele ihambisane nokungcola ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinqumo zokwelashwa kwasekhaya.

Lapho amanzi angcolile ebangela isifo sohudo esiqhubekayo, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, indle enegazi, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, noma izimpawu kumuntu osengozini, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kuyilapho kugcinwa inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.

Funda Futhi: Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuphatha udoti oqinile

Ukuvinjelwa Nokuphathwa Kwamanzi Angcolile

Ukuvimbela amanzi angcolile kuqala ngokuvikela imithombo yamanzi emfucumfucu, indle, ubulongwe bezilwane, izindawo okugcinwa kuzo amakhemikhali, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza ngokungakhethi, neminye imisebenzi engangenisa izinto eziyingozi endaweni ezungezile ukuze kuvikelwe umkhaya okuthembekile.

Ukuphathwa kwemfucuza eyingozi ngendlela efanele kunciphisa izingozi zokunukubezeka ngenxa yokuthi imfucumfucu engalawulwa kahle ingakhulula amakhemikhali noketshezi olungcolile olufudukela enhlabathini, emiseleni, emifudlaneni, emachibini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba emiphakathini yasemaphandleni nasemadolobheni.

Abakhiqizi bezolimo banganciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngokufaka umanyolo ngokwezidingo zezitshalo, ukulawula ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ukugcina izithiyo zezitshalo, ukuphatha ubulongwe ngokucophelela, nokuvimbela ukuchitheka kwamakhemikhali eduze nemithombo yamanzi ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela.

Imiphakathi kufanele inakekele ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, ukukhucululwa kwendle, ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi angcolile, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ngoba ukwehluleka kulezi zinsizakalo kungandisa ukuhanjiswa kwamagciwane, imisoco, nezinto eziyingozi emanzini ngaphambi kokuba kukhule ukugxila okuyingozi.

Imindeni esebenzisa imithombo kufanele ihlole izihloko zemithombo, igcine ukungcola kude nendawo yomthombo, igcine i-septic system eseduze, futhi ihlole amanzi lapho izingozi zendawo noma izinguquko zekhwalithi ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuqapha njalo.

Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri okuvamile kunikeza isivikelo esingcono kunokuthembela ekubukekeni ngenxa yokuthi ukungcola okuningi okubalulekile akukwazi ukutholwa ngokunambitheka, iphunga, noma umbala, ikakhulukazi amakhemikhali angaphili kanye nama-microorganisms amaningi ezempilo yomphakathi yesikhathi eside.

Lapho ukungcola kutholwa, izenzo zokulungisa kufanele zisekelwe entweni engcolile ekhonjiwe, ukugxilisa okulinganiselwe, indlela yokuchayeka, ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo bokwelapha, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwamanzi lapho ukungcola kuqinisekisiwe khona.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izinga lamanzi kuwumthwalo wemfanelo ofanayo ohlanganisa amakhaya, abalimi, izimboni, iziphathimandla zendawo ezungezile, abahlinzeki bamanzi, ochwepheshe bezempilo, kanye nemiphakathi esebenza ndawonye ukuze kuvinjwe ukungcoliswa komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuchayeka esikhundleni sokusabela ngemva kwalokho kuphela.

Amanzi ahlanzekile ayingxenye engeyona enosawoti yomjikelezo wamanzi womhlaba wonke, futhi izinto ezingcolisayo zingase zihlanganise i-microbial, inorganic, pesticide, herbicide, organic chemical, radioactive, kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi ngendlela ephumelelayo kuvikela impilo yomphakathi. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba futhi kusekela izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa, ukuqapha, ukulawulwa kwemfucuza, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuzinzile.

Ukuphathwa kwamanzi kuyadingeka ngoba amanzi asekela ukuphila kwabantu, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo, ukuthuthwa kwendle, izimboni, kanye nemvelo. Izici ezibalulekile zekhwalithi yamanzi zifaka i-pH, i-alkalinity, ama-ion ancibilikisiwe, i-turbidity, obala, imisoco, nezakhi zebhayoloji.

Imfucuza engena endaweni ezungezile ingaba umzila obalulekile wokungcolisa ngoba amanzi angakwazi ukuthutha izinto ezincibilikisiwe noma ezimisiwe zisuka ezindaweni ezilahlwayo ziye emanzini angaphezulu, imigudu yokukhipha amanzi, inhlabathi kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Izinqubo zokulahla imfucuza ezinesibopho ngakho-ke ingasekela ukuvikelwa kwamanzi ngokunciphisa ukulahla, ukushiswa okungalawuleki, izindawo zokulahla ezivuzayo, kanye neminye imisebenzi evumela ukungcola ukuhamba endaweni ezungezile.

Imiphakathi ingaqhubeka nokuqinisa ukuvikeleka ngokusekela izinsizakalo zokuthuthwa kwendle, ukugcina ingqalasizinda yokuthuthwa kwendle, ukuvikela izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi nezimila, ukukhuthaza ukulima ngobuqotho, nokufundisa izakhamuzi ngemikhuba enciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo emthonjeni wako.

Abalimi kufanele banake kakhulu izinga lamanzi okunisela ngoba imithombo engcolile ingadalula izitshalo, inhlabathi, imfuyo, abasebenzi kanye nemiphakathi eseduze, kuyilapho ukunisela okungekuhle kungase kwenyuse ukunyakaza kokungcola.

Imikhaya ingaba nengxenye ngokugcina imfucumfucu, amafutha, amakhemikhali, nemithi kude nemisele nemithombo yamanzi, kuyilapho isebenzisa izimiso ezifanele zokulahla izinto ezivimbela izinto eziyingozi ukuba zingangeni emifuleni, emithonjeni, namanzini angaphansi komhlaba.

Ukuvikelwa kwamanzi isikhathi eside kuncike ekuvimbeleni, ekubhekeni, ekuphathweni okufanele, nasekubambisaneni kwababambe iqhaza ngoba ukulungisa ukungcoliswa ngemva kokusabalala kokungcola kungaba nzima kakhulu, kubize kakhulu, futhi kuphazamise imiphakathi ethintekile.

Isifinyezo Ngemiphumela Yamanzi Angcolile Kumuntu

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nemiphumela Yamanzi Angcolile Kumuntu

1. Iyini imiphumela eyinhloko yamanzi angcolile empilweni yomuntu, futhi kungani leyo miphumela ingasukela ekuguleni kwesisu kwesikhashana kuya ezimeni ezinzima zesikhathi eside kubantu abadaluliwe ezimweni ezihlukene zokuchayeka?

Amanzi angcolile angabangela izifo zamathumbu, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ubuthi bamakhemikhali, izinkinga zokukhula, ukukhathazeka ngokuzala, ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba, nezinye izifo kuye ngokungcola, ukugxilisa ingqondo, umzila wokuchayeka, kanye nobude besikhathi, futhi angase abulale.

2. Kungani izinsana zisengozini ikakhulukazi emanzini okuphuza ane-nitrate, futhi yisiphi isimo esibucayi esingaba khona lapho ukuchayeka kwe-nitrate kuphazamisa ukuthuthwa okuvamile komoya-mpilo phakathi kwezingane ezincane zisebenzisa amanzi athintekile?

I-nitrate ingaguqulwa ibe yi-nitrite emzimbeni, inciphise amandla okuthwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Ngakho-ke izinsana zingaba ne-methemoglobinemia, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-blue-baby syndrome, engase ibeke ukuphila engozini lapho zisencane.

3. I-arsenic ingangena kanjani emanzini okuphuza, futhi kungani ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ikakhulukazi kuphathelene nemiphakathi ethembele kakhulu emanzini angaphansi komhlaba angakahlanzwa ngezinjongo zokuphuza emiphakathini ethintekile ngokuphepha namuhla?

I-arsenic ingase yenzeke ngokwemvelo emanzini angaphansi komhlaba noma ingene emanzini ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wezimboni, izimayini, kanye nezindlela zemfucuza. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungalimaza impilo futhi kwandise izingozi zomdlavuza kanye nezinkinga zokukhula. Ukuhlola okuvamile kusiza imiphakathi ethintekile.

4. Ingabe izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-khula zingawangcolisa amanzi okuphuza, futhi yiziphi izici ezinquma ukuthi ukuchayeka kudala ingozi enengqondo yempilo kubantu lapho abantu bewadla noma bewathinta njalo amanzi athintekile ngokuphepha?

Yebo, izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-khula zingafinyelela emanzini angaphezulu noma emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ngokugeleza, ukugeleza kwamanzi, noma ukunyakaza enhlabathini. Ubungozi buncike kukhemikhali ethile, ukugxilisa ingqondo, ubuthi, imvamisa yokuchayeka, kanye nobude besikhathi. Abantu abasengozini kufanele bakugweme ukuchayeka.

5. Yiziphi izinto eziphilayo ezingcolile ezivame ukwenzeka emanzini angaphephile, futhi izinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-E. coli, i-Giardia, ne-Cryptosporidium zingayithinta kanjani impilo yomuntu ngokusebenzisa amanzi okuphuza angcolile emikhayeni esengozini?

I-E. coli namanye amagciwane angabangela isifo se-gastrointestinal, kuyilapho i-Giardia ne-Cryptosporidium ngokuvamile ibangela isifo sohudo kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuhlobene. Ukugula okunzima kungaba yingozi ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala. Ukushintsha uketshezi ngokushesha kuyasiza.

6. Ingabe ukubilisa amanzi angcolile kuwenza aphephe ngokuphelele, futhi kungani impendulo incike ekutheni ukungcola kuyimvelo ye-microbial noma amakhemikhali phakathi nezinqumo zokwelashwa kwasekhaya ekhaya?

Ukubilisa kusebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nama-microorganisms amaningi abangela izifo, kodwa akususi amakhemikhali amaningi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma ukungcola okukhipha imisebe. Ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kuhambisane nokungcola okuhlonzwe ngokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kochwepheshe.

7. Abalimi bangasiza kanjani ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi lapho umanyolo, umquba, izibulala-zinambuzane, izindlela zokunisela nemfucumfucu kusetshenziswa eduze kwemithombo yamanzi okulima lapho kusetshenziswa endaweni elinywayo noma eduze nayo?

Abalimi banganciphisa ukungcola ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali asemapulazini ngokucophelela, ukuphatha umquba kanye nemfucuza ngendlela efanele, ukulawula ukuguguleka, ukuvikela izindlela zamanzi, ukugcina izindawo ezivikelekile, kanye nokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okudidiyelwe lapho kufanele khona. Lezi zinyathelo zivikela imiphakathi ezansi nomfula.

8. Yini imikhaya okufanele yenze lapho isola ukuthi amanzi ayo okuphuza angcolile, futhi ukuhlola nokwelashwa okufanele kunganciphisa kanjani izingozi zempilo ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ekhaya ngendlela evamile ngokuphepha?

Imindeni kufanele igweme amanzi okusolakala ukuthi angaphephile ukuze aphuzwe kuze kuhlolwe izinga lawo. Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kungabona ukungcola, ngemva kwalokho kukhethwe indlela yokwelapha efanelekile noma umthombo ophephile. Iseluleko sochwepheshe kungase kudingeke.

Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Futhi sikukhuthaza ukuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa ngempela usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!

Funda Futhi: Incazelo Nokubaluleka Kokuchelela Ekukhiqizeni Izitshalo