Maparamendi akati wandei ezvakatipoteredza anogona kuratidza huwandu hwekusvibiswa panzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nekuparara kweoiri, zvichibatsira vaongorori kuti vanzwisise mazinga ekusvibiswa uye kuongorora shanduko dzinoitika mukati memvura yakasvibiswa, ivhu, uye madhamu.
Kutarisisa kusvibiswa kwemafuta nokudaro kunosanganisira kuunganidza sampuli dzezvakatipoteredza uye kuyera zviratidziro zvemuviri, makemikari, uye zvipenyu zvinoratidza kuvepo uye kusangana kwetsvina inotorwa nepetroleum.
Zviyero izvi zvinopa humbowo hunobatsira hwekuona kusimba kwekusvibisa, kuona shanduko yezvakatipoteredza, kutsigira sarudzo dzemitemo, uye kuongorora kana mabasa ekuchenesa ari kunyatso kuderedza kusvibiswa munzvimbo dzakakanganisika.
Misimboti yekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza inosimbisa kudzivirira uye kutonga kwakaringana nekuti kudzivirira kusvibisa kunowanzo kudzikisa mutoro wezvakatipoteredza uye wemari une chekuita nekurapa kwakakura uye gare gare kudzoreredza.
Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura akakosha kusvibiswa kwemafuta ekutarisa ma paramita, kukosha kwawo kwekuongorora, nzira huru dzekuyedza, uye nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira, dzine, kudzoreredza, uye kugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwepetroleum.
Key Parameters For Oil Pollution Monitoring
Kuongorora kusvibiswa kwemafuta kunogona kuongorora gross organic constituents, ega ega petroleum compounds, oxygen-inoda zvinhu, zvinhu zvinobviswa, petroleum hydrocarbons, ultraviolet-active constituents, simbi, uye radioactive komisheni mukati mezvakakanganisika midhiya yenharaunda.
1. Total Organic Carbon uye Oxygen Demand: Yakazara organic kabhoni, kudiwa kweokisijeni yemakemikari, kudiwa kweokisijeni yebiochemical, uye matanho ane hukama anofungidzira huwandu kana oxygen inodikanwa yezvinhu zveorganic zviri mukati memvura yakasvibiswa, ivhu, kana ivhu.
2. Mafuta uye Girisi: Iyi parameter inoyera zvinhu zvakabviswa neakakodzera nonpolar organic solvents, zvichipa chiratidzo chinobatsira chezve petroleum-zvine hukama nezvimwe zvinonyunguduka zvinonyunguduka zviripo mukati mezvakatipoteredza samples.
3. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons: TPH inopa chiyero chakakura chekusvibisa peturu nekufungidzira musanganiswa wemakomboni ehydrocarbon mukati mevhu rakakanganiswa, mashanga, nemvura, zvichitsigira kuronga kwekuchenesa nekugadzirisa sarudzo.
4. Ultraviolet Absorbing Constituents: Mishonga inonhuhwirira muoiri isina kukora inotora ultraviolet mwaranzi, ichiita kuti UV kunyura kunobatsira sechiratidzo chekuwedzera kwekusvibiswa kwehupenyu uko kusvibiswa kwepetroleum kunokanganisa sampuli dzezvakatipoteredza.
5. Metals uye Radioactive Compounds: Mafuta asina kuchena nemarara epetroleum anogona kunge aine simbi dzekutsvagisa uye neradioactive constituents zvine chekuita ne geological materials, zvichiita kuti kutsunga kwavo kuve kwakakosha panguva yezvirongwa zvekuongorora zvakatipoteredza.
Izvi zviratidzo zvinopindirana zvakanyanya zvirongwa zvekuongorora zvakatipoteredza nekuti kuferefeta kunoshanda kunoenderana nekusarudza zviyero zvinoenderana nepakati pezvakatipoteredza uye chinangwa.
Verenga zvakare: Kusvibiswa kweOiri muNzvimbo: Kuwedzera, Migumisiro, Zvitubu uye Fate
Oil Pollution Monitoring Kuburikidza NeOxygen Demand
Biochemical oxygen kudiwa ndeye empirical bvunzo inofungidzira kushandiswa kweokisijeni kunokonzerwa netupukanana apo ivo vachisvibisa biodegradable organic zvinhu mumvura ine tsvina, yakasvibiswa mvura, uye ine hukama hwezvakatipoteredza samples.
BOD inogona kubatsira vaongorori kuti vanzwisise chikamu chebiodegradable chekusvibiswa kweorganic, kunyangwe musanganiswa wepetroleum uchisiyana zvakanyanya mukuumbwa uye biodegradability, saka mhedzisiro inoda dudziro padivi pemamwe maparamita ekutarisa.
Munguva yekuyedzwa kweBOD, masampuli akacheneswa anogadzirirwa nemvura yakafanira dilution uye anogona kugashira mhodzi ine microbial apo zvipenyu zvinongoitika zvega hazvigone kutsigira zvakaringana kudzikisira panguva yeincubation.
Sampuli dzakagadzirirwa dzinoramba dziri mumabhodhoro asingadzivirirwe pasi pasi pemamiriro ekudzivirira anodzorwa kwemazuva mashanu, nepo zviyero zveokisijeni zvakanyungudutswa zvakatorwa pamberi uye mushure mekuiswa zvinopa hwaro hwekuverenga kudiwa kweokisijeni.
Uko kusvibiswa kunogadzira kudiwa kweokisijeni yakakura kupfuura inowanikwa yakanyungudika okisijeni, vaongorori vanonyungudutsa sampu nemvura ine aerated uye vanogona kuwedzera zvisikwa zvembeu kuvandudza kuderera uye kuyerwa kwekuvimbika.
Vaongorori vezvakatipoteredza vanogona kuenzanisa BOD neyakasimbiswa nzira dzekuongorora hutano hwemvura kuisa oxygen-inoda mhedzisiro mukati mekuongorora kwakakura kwemakemikari uye zvipenyu.
Kudiwa kwemakemikari okisijeni kunosiyana nekuti inofungidzira yakaenzana neokisijeni inopedzwa nekemikari yakatsanangurwa oxidant, kazhinji potassium dichromate, iri pasi pemamiriro ane acidic yakasimba pane kuvimba zvakanyanya nekuita kwehutachiona.
COD saka inopa kukurumidza kuyera kuyerwa kwezvinosvibisa oxidisable uye inogona kufananidzwa neBOD, TOC, uye yakazara oxygen kudiwa kukudziridza kunzwisisa kwakakura kwemaitiro ekusvibiswa kweorganic.
Oiri Kusvibiswa Monitoring With Organic Measures
Yakazara organic kabhoni inopa kuyerwa kwakananga kwekabhoni yakabatana neiyo organic matter uye inogona kutariswa mumvura, ivhu, uye sediment samples inounganidzwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nekusvibiswa kwepetroleum.
1. Total Organic Carbon: TOC inoyera organic kabhoni zvisinei neiyo oxidation mamiriro, zvichiita kuti ive chiratidzo chiri nyore chese organic kurodha; zvisinei, haiyere chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine hukama neorganic compounds.
2. Chemical Oxygen Demand: COD inofungidzira kuenzana kweokisijeni yechinhu chinogoneka pachishandiswa kemikari oxidant, ichipa kuyerwa kwakafara kunopindirana neBOD neTOC pakuwongorora sampuli dzezvakatipoteredza dzakasvibiswa.
3. Mafuta uye Girisi: Oiri uye girizi ongororo inoyera zvinonyungudutsa-zvinobviswa zvinhu kwete chinhu chimwe chete, zvichireva kuti mhedzisiro yacho inogona kusanganisira petroleum hydrocarbons pamwe nebiological lipids uye mamwe makomisheni anotorwa.
4. Organic Carbon Dudziro: TOC mhedzisiro haifanire kutsiva BOD kana COD nekuti imwe neimwe parameter inopa ruzivo rwakasiyana nezve organic zvinhu, oxidation maitiro, kudiwa kweokisijeni, uye hunhu hwakasvibiswa mukati mehurongwa hwakasvibiswa.
Ongororo yeTOC inowanzo shandisa catalytic oxidation kushandura kabhoni kuita kabhoni dhaokisaidhi, mushure meizvozvo iyo kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inogona kuverengerwa zvine mutsindo uchishandisa nzira dzakaita senge nondispersive infrared yekuona.
Kuongororwa kwakavimbika kweTOC kunoda masamples anomiririra, ma blanks akakodzera, calibration zviyero, yakagadzika chiridzwa mamiriro, uye kudzokorora zviyero zvinokwanisa kuburitsa zvinogoneka ongororo mhedzisiro pane inotarisirwa kusungwa.
Vaverengi vanoongorora hukama hwakakura hwekurapa kwemvura vanogona zvakare kuongorora mitemo yekutarisira kunaka kwemvura kuti unzwisise kuti nei data rekutarisa richifanira kutungamira kudzivirira, kurapwa, uye sarudzo dzekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Oiri Kusvibisa Monitoring Kuburikidza nePetroleum Tracing
Oiri negirisi kuongororwa kunopa imwe nzira yakakosha yekutarisisa nekuti kusvibiswa kwepetroleum kunowanzo gadzira zvinhu zvinonyunguduka zvinonyunguduka zvinogona kuungana mumvura, ivhu, marara, masisitimu ekurapa, uye nzvimbo dzekugamuchira.
Kumasamples emvura, vaongorori vanowanzotamisa mavhoriyamu akayerwa kuti aparadzanise mafaniro uye vanobvisa izvo zvakanangwa nechinhu chakakodzera chekunyungudutsa vasati vadzoreredza iyo yakatorwa yegravimetric kutsunga.
Sampuli dzakasimba dzinogona kudhirowa kunyungudika vachishandisa matekiniki akadai seye ultrasonic kudhirowa kana Soxhlet kudhirowa, zvichienderana neiyo samuenzaniso maitiro, analytical chinangwa, uye iripo rabhoritari michina.
Mushure mekubviswa, iyo inonyungudutsa inopfuura neyakaomeswa zvinhu kuti ibvise mvura, nepo inodzorwa evaporation ichisiya iyo inobviswa inosara iyo vaongorori vanoyera uye vanoshandisa kuverengera kuverenga.
Yese petroleum hydrocarbons inowedzera nzira yekutarisa nekutarisa musanganiswa wealiphatic uye anonhuwirira petroleum-inotorwa mahydrocarbons anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa mvura, ivhu, uye madhamu.
Maitiro ekuongorora anosanganisira infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence nzira, gravimetric matekiniki, immunoassay, gasi chromatography ine murazvo ionisation yekuona, uye gasi chromatography yakasanganiswa nehukuru spectrometry.
Kuti utarise chromatographic, marabhoritari anobvisa ma hydrocarbons kubva munhau yezvemamiriro ekunze, chenesa mhedzisiro yacho, simbisa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, uye woipinza muchishandiso chekuongorora chehuwandu.
Infrared matekiniki anogona kupa nzira inokurumidza kuenzanisa nekuti hydrocarbon inoshanda mapoka anoratidza maitiro ekunyudza mabhendi ayo vaongorori vanogona kufananidza necalibration zviyero zvakagadzirirwa kubva kupetroleum hydrocarbon.
Vaverengi vanofarira maitiro ekurapa vanogona kuenzanisa petroleum monitoring ne maindasitiri emarara ekurapa maitiro, kunyanya uko tsvina yemumaindasitiri ine oiri, girisi, zvinhu zvine njodzi, uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa.
Zvimwe Zvinoratidza MuOiri Kusvibiswa Monitoring
Kutarisisa kusvibiswa kwemafuta hakufanire kuvimba nepetroleum hydrocarbons chete nekuti mafuta asina kuchena anogona kukanganisa zviratidzo zvemakemikari akati wandei uye anogona kuunza mamwe matsvina mumasisitimu ezvakatipoteredza.
1. Ultraviolet Absorption: Mishonga inonhuhwirira muoiri isina kukora inogona kutora ultraviolet mwaranzi, saka yakayerwa kunyudza kweUV kunogona kuratidza huwandu hwehuwandu hweUV-inoshanda organic zvikamu mukati memvura yakasvibiswa samples.
2. Simbi: Marara anosanganisirwa nePetroleum anogona kunge aine simbi dzekutepfenyura, idzo dzakadzika dzinoda kutsunga murabhoritari uchishandisa matekiniki akadai seatomic absorption spectrometry, inductively yakabatana nzira dzeplasma, flame photometry, kana analytical maitiro.
3. Radioactive Compounds: Ongororo yezvemamiriro ekunze inogona kuongorora nzvimbo dzemwaranzi uko zvinhu zve geological zvine chekuita nemafuta asina kukora zvinogadzira zvinonetsa, zvichishandisa midziyo yekuverengera yakakodzera kana nzira dzekuongorora.
4. Sample Mamiriro uye Hunhu: Chaiyo yekuunganidza sampuli, kuchengetedza, kugadzirira, kuenzanisa, ongororo isina chinhu, kudzokorodza, uye zvinyorwa zvinoramba zvichikosha nekuti maitiro asina kunaka esampling anogona kukanganisa kumwe kuyerwa kwerabhoritari.
Chiyero cheUV chinowanzo shandisa spectrophotometer yakaiswa quartz cuvettes, nepo samples dzichida kugadzirira kwakakodzera, kururamisa kusina chinhu, inodzorwa pH mamiriro, uye kudzokorora kuyerwa kwekuyeresa.
Kuongorora simbi kunowanzoda kugayiwa kusati kwatemwa nekuti organic zvinhu uye zvidimbu zvinogona kukanganisa ongororo kana kuchengetedza simbi dzinoda kuunza mhinduro.
Kuongorora kwakadzama kwakadaro kunopindirana neyakasimbiswa maitiro ekutarisa kunaka kwemvura, uko kemikari, biological, uye ruzivo rwemuviri runotsigira kududzira kwezvakatipoteredza uye manejimendi sarudzo.
Kudzora Matanho For Oil Kusvibiswa
Kuongorora kunoratidza kusvibiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu, asi kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kunoshanda kunoda kudzivirira uye kugadzirisa chiito chinoderedza mukana wekuteuka uku uchidzikamisa kusvibiswa kana zviitiko zvikaitika.
Matanho ekudzivirira anowanzo kupa mabhenefiti akasimba ezvemamiriro ekunze uye ehupfumi nekuti kudzivirira kudurura kunobvisa mari zhinji dzinotevera dzine chekuita nekuchengetedza, kupora, kurapwa, kudzoreredza, kubhadharwa, uye kutarisa kwenguva refu.
Masangano anogona kusanganisa kugadzirwa kwakachena, kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yenguva dzose, kudzidziswa kwevashandi, kugadzirira kwechimbichimbi, mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, uye tarisiro yakasimba yemasangano kuderedza mikana yekuburitswa kwepetroleum netsaona.
Ongororo dzenjodzi dzinofanirwa kuona midziyo isina njodzi, mapaipi, matangi, nzvimbo dzekurodha, uye zviitiko zvekushanda, nepo zviitiko zvakapfuura zvichigona kubatsira mamaneja kuona kusasimba kunowanzoitika uye kusimbisa zvirongwa zvekugadzirira emergency.
Remote sensing uye mamwe matekinoroji ekutarisa anogona kutsigira kuongororwa kwekuisa peturu uye pombi mikoto, kubatsira masangano ane mutoro kuona shanduko dzisina kujairika uye kupindura matambudziko madiki asati aburitswa.
Ngarava dzine mbiri-hulled uye kaviri-layer midziyo masisitimu anogona kupa imwe dziviriro nekuti peturu inofanirwa kutyora zvinopfuura chimwe chipingamupinyi chekudzivirira isati yapinda munzvimbo yakatenderedza.
Masangano anofanirwawo kuchengetedza michina nguva nenguva, kuyedza zvirongwa zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi, kuitisa zvibhorani, kupa zviwanikwa zvekupindura zvakaringana, uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza ruzivo rwevashandi kuburikidza nehutano hwakakodzera, kuchengetedza, uye kudzidziswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Aya matanho anotsigira zvakafara hurongwa hwemasangano hwekudzora kusvibiswa, kunyanya uko kuteedzera kunoshanda uye kurongeka kwekuita kwehurumende kuchidikanwa kudzivirira kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Maitiro akanaka ekudzivirira mvura anosimbisawo kudzivirira kusvibiswa pane kuvimba zvachose nekurapwa kwepashure, musimboti unoratidzwa mu nzira dzekudzora kusvibiswa kwemvura inoshandiswa kune yakasvibiswa masisitimu emvura.
Verenga zvakare: Mabasa eVagadziri uye Makambani muKudzora Marara
Remediation Options Mushure Oiri Kusvibiswa
Kana dziviriro ikatadza uye kurasika kweoiri kuchiitika, kugadzirisa kunofanirwa kuenderana nerudzi, vhoriyamu, nzvimbo, mamiriro ekunze, kunzwisiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye hunhu hwezvakaburitswa petroleum zvinhu.
1. Chemical Dispersants: Masurfactants ane hydrophilic uye lipophilic components anobatsira kutyora slick pamusoro kuita madonhwe madiki, zvichibvumira mafairi nemasaisai kuita kuti zviparadzire kuburikidza nekoramu yemvura.
2. Mechanical Skimmers: Skimmers nemuchina vanotora mafuta anoyangarara kubva pamusoro pemvura uye vanouya mune akasiyana dhizaini, hunyanzvi, uye mashandisirwo akakodzera kumvura yekumahombekombe, nzvimbo dzisina kudzika, nzizi, uye nharaunda dzemahombekombe.
3. Sorbent Materials: Sorbents inodzosa mafuta kuburikidza nekunyura kana adsorption uye inogona kusanganisira zvakasara zvekurima, zvigadzirwa zvehuni, peat, gungwa, activated kabhoni, ivhu, zeolites, uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa.
4. Microbial Degradation: Mamwe ma microorganisms anogona kukanganisa petroleum hydrocarbons zvakasikwa kana kuburikidza nekubatsirwa bioremediation, kunyangwe maitiro acho anogona kuenderera zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye microbial chiitiko.
5. Kudzorwa Mu-Situ Kupisa: In-situ kupisa kunobvisa huwandu hukuru hwemafuta nekukurumidza kuburikidza nekupisa kwakadzora, asi kunoparadza peturu inodzoreredzwa uye inogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinopisa, zvinoda kungwarira-chaiyo nzvimbo yekuongorora uye mvumo.
Kuparadzira kushandiswa kunoda kungwarira nekuti kuparadzira mafuta hakuparadze tsvina; inoshandura kugoverwa kwayo kwemuviri uye inogona kuburitsa zvipenyu zvemvura-column kune petroleum zvinoriumba.
Naizvozvo, zviremera zvinofanirwa kuongorora njodzi yezvakatipoteredza zvisati zvabvumidza kurapwa kwemakemikari, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakasimba dzemvura yakachena kana zvipenyu apo kuwedzera kwemakemikari kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kusingatenderwe.
Kuita kweSkimmer kunogona kudzikira nemafungu akasimba, mafungu akakwira, marara, chando, mafuta anoonekera kwazvo, mabhora etara, uye zvinhu zvine mafuta zvinokanganisa masystem ekutora kana midziyo yekudzoreredza.
Zvikwata zvekupindura zvinogona kuvandudza skimmer kuita nekuisa mafuta anoyangarara ane mabhomu emidziyo asati amisa midziyo yekudzoreredza apo inotsvedza inosvika ukobvu hwakakwana hwekuunganidza kwakanaka.
Sorbents inoshanda zvakanyanya pakusvibiswa kwasara kana kupera kudiki, uye vanopindura vanogona kuaisa semapads, rolls, magumbeze, mapiro, masokisi, masaga, granules, hupfu, cubes, kana mamwe maitiro anoshanda.
Ongororo yakawedzera ye nzira dzakananga dzekuchenesa tsvina inoratidzawo nei nzira dzekugadzirisa dzichifanira kuenderana netsvina, mamiriro esaiti, uye mhedzisiro yaunoda kwezvakatipoteredza.
Microbial remediation inogona kusanganisira zvipenyu zvinosvibisa petroleum senge nhengo dzegenera. Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Pseudomonas,uye Acinetobacter, kunyange zvazvo mwero wokuderera uchigona kuramba uchinonoka.
Kugadzirisa kugadzirisa nekudaro kunoda kutariswa kwekutevera nekuti kunyangarika kunoonekwa kwemafuta ekutsvedza hakungoratidzi kubviswa kwakazara kwetsvina kubva muvhu, mavhu, pasi pevhu, kana masisitimu ehupenyu.
Apo ivhu rakasvibiswa rinoda humwe hutungamiri, nheyo dzinokurukurwa mukati zvimiro zvevhu uye kutonga kwevhu inogona kubatsira kutsanangura kuti zvinosvibisa zvinodyidzana sei nepamusoro pevhu uye kufamba nemunzvimbo dzakakanganisika.
Kuongorora Kunotsigira Kudzora Zvirinani
Kuongorora kusvibiswa kwemafuta kunogadzira humbowo hunodiwa kuti unzwisise kusvibiswa maitiro, kuona kushanda kwezviito zvekudzora, uye kutsigira sarudzo pamusoro pekuenderera mberi kwekurapa, kudzoreredza, uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Samples kubva mumvura, ivhu, uye sediment zvinofanirwa kumiririra nzvimbo yakakanganisika zvakaringana, nepo zvirongwa zvekutarisa zvichifanira kufunga nezvekusvibisa masosi, nzira dzekufamba, shanduko yemwaka, kunzwisiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zviripo zvekuongorora zviwanikwa.
Mhedzisiro yekutarisisa inova yakakosha kana vaongorori vakaisa mamiriro ekutanga, kuunganidza zviyero zvakadzokororwa, nzvimbo dzesampling zvinyorwa, kuchengetedza hunhu hwerabhoritari, uye kuenzanisa mibairo mukati menguva dzinoenderana.
Sarudzo dzekudzora kusvibiswa dzinofanirwa kubatanidza humbowo hwekuongorora nematanho emhinduro kuitira kuti kutarisa kuite zvinopfuura kutsanangura kusvibiswa uye panzvimbo pacho kunotungamira kudzivirira, kuchengetedza, kurapwa, kudzoreredza, uye kutevedzera.
Iyi nzira inokodzera misimboti yakakura inotsanangurwa mukati kurapwa kwemvura yetsvina uye nhungamiro zviyero, uko kuyerwa kwemamiriro ekunze anobatsira kuona kana kurapwa uye kuburitsa maitiro kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvinodiwa.
Zvivako zvemaindasitiri zvinobata zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum zvinofanirwa kubatanidza kuongorora kusvibiswa kwemafuta nekuwanda maindasitiri emarara maitiro kuderedza njodzi kubva kune dzakawanda dzakasvibiswa dzakaburitswa panguva yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa mabasa.
Ikoko mvura yetsvina yemaindasitiri inotakura zvinhu zvepetroleum, masisitimu ekurapa angangoda emuviri, makemikari, uye zvipenyu maitiro akasarudzwa zvinoenderana nehunhu hunofurira, zvinodikanwa zvekuburitsa, uye mamiriro ekunze.
Zvishandiso zvinogona kuongororwa maindasitiri etsvina kurapwa maitiro pakubatanidza kutarisisa kusvibiswa nemaitiro ekurapa anogadzirisa oiri, girisi, zvakamiswa zvimisikidzo, zvinosvibisa zvine njodzi, uye mamwe maindasitiri etsvina yetsvina.
Masisitimu epamberi anogona zvakare kusanganisa maitiro ekurapa akavandudzwa nedhijitari yekutarisa matekinoroji, achitsigira zvakanyanya kudzora uko maitiro akajairwa asingakwanisi kupa dziviriro yakakwana kubva kune inoenderera organic tsvina.
Mazuvano matekinoroji emvura yetsvina anokurukurwa mukati advanced wastewater treatment developments ratidza kuti kutarisisa uye kurapwa kunogona kuwedzera kushanda pamwe chete kuvandudza mashandiro enzvimbo uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa.
Kudzivirira kusvibiswa kunofanira kuramba chiri chinangwa chikuru nekuti kugadzirisa kunogona kunetsa uye kunetsa mune zvemari kana peturu yapararira nemuvhu, sediments, mvura yepasi, matoro, ivhu rekurima, kana nzvimbo dzinogara mumvura.
Kusvibiswa kwevhu kunofanirwa kunyatsotariswa nekuti petroleum hydrocarbons inogona kudyidzana neorganic matter, mineral surfaces, uye maburi evhu, zvichipesvedzera kuchengetedzwa kwetsvina, kutama, zvipenyu, uye kushandiswa kwevhu mune ramangwana.
Hurukuro yakafararira ye kusvibiswa kwenyika uye kusvibiswa kwevhu inopa mamiriro anobatsira ekunzwisisa kuti zvinosvibisa zvingakanganisa sei zviwanikwa zvevhu uye kuomesa kudzoreredza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kubudirira kwekudzora kusvibiswa kwemafuta kunoenderana nekunzwisisa zvinhu zvine njodzi, kunyanya apo tsvina yepetroleum ine makemikari ane chepfu, simbi, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoda kubatwa kwakakosha panguva yekurapwa nekuraswa.
Naizvozvo vaverengi vanogona kuongorora matanho ekudzora marara ane ngozi padivi pe petroleum yekutarisisa kuonga mabasa akakura anosanganisirwa mukuchengetedza kwakachengeteka, kutakura, kurapwa, uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nhungamiro ichangoburwa yekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza inoratidzawo kukosha kwekucherekedza kwainobva tsvina ine ngozi uye kupatsanura, iyo inotsigira yakasimba kuongororwa kwenjodzi kana mashandiro epetroleum aburitsa zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakaomarara.
Mashoko kubva kupatsanurwa kwemarara ane njodzi inogona kuenderana nekutarisa kusvibiswa kwemafuta uko zvisaririra zvine chekuita nepetroleum zvine zvinhu zvinoda kudzorwa kudzora nekuda kwenjodzi dzadzo dzezvakatipoteredza.
Chekupedzisira, humbowo hwekutarisa hunogona kutsigira hupfumi uye sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika nekuratidza kana kudyara kwekudzivirira, zvirongwa zvekupindura, nekugadzirisa zviitiko zvinoderedza kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kurasikirwa kwakabatana munharaunda kana kwemari.
Migumisiro yehupfumi yekusvibiswa inokurukurwa mberi mukati kusvibiswa-kwakabatana nekurasikirwa kwehupfumi kuongororwa, iyo inoratidza kuti nei yakavimbika data yezvakatipoteredza ichiramba ichikosha kune bumbiro uye manejimendi sarudzo.
Kuwedzera ruzivo rwekurapa kwemhando yemvura kunogona kusimbisa zvirongwa zvekutarisisa nekuti nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa dzinowanzoda kurongeka sampling, kurapwa, kuraswa, uye kuongororwa kwezvekutevera vakuru vane basa vasati vafunga kudzoreredza zviitiko zvapera.
Kusarudzwa kwekurapa kwakakodzera kunoenderana nehunhu hwakasvibiswa, mamiriro ekunze, zvinodikanwa zvekutonga, kugona kurapwa, tekinoroji iripo, uye mamiriro ekupedzisira anotarisirwa nharaunda yakakanganisika.
Mukuita, kubudirira kwekutaridzirwa kwemafuta kunobatanidza kuonekwa kwekutanga, kuyerwa kwakarurama, kudzivirira kwakasimba, kupindura nokukurumidza, kugadzirisa kwakakodzera, kutarisa kwemasangano, uye kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa mushure mekuchenesa-mabasa apera.
Pfupiso Nzira uye Matanho eOiri kusvibiswa Monitoring uye Kudzora
| Area | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Monitoring | Oil pollution monitoring uses measurements from water, soil, sediment, and other environmental media. |
| Organic Indicators | BOD, COD, TOC, oil and grease, and UV absorption provide different measures of organic contamination. |
| Petroleum Indicators | Total petroleum hydrocarbons help estimate petroleum contamination and guide remediation planning. |
| Additional Indicators | Metals and radioactive compounds may require investigation where petroleum-related wastes create additional contamination concerns. |
| Prevention | Maintenance, training, cleaner technology, risk assessment, regulation, surveillance, and emergency planning help prevent spills. |
| Remediation | Dispersants, skimmers, sorbents, microbial degradation, and controlled burning can assist oil spill response under suitable conditions. |
| Management | Continuous monitoring verifies pollution extent, supports treatment decisions, and evaluates remediation effectiveness. |
Mibvunzo Inowanzo Kubvunzwa Nezvekusvibiswa Kwemafuta Kutarisisa uye Kudzora: Nzira uye Matanho
1. Chii chinonzi kusvibiswa kwemafuta?
Kutarisisa kusvibiswa kwemafuta ndiko kuyerwa kwakarongeka kwezviratidzo zvezvakatipoteredza zvinoshandiswa kuona kuvepo, chiyero, kutarisisa, kufamba, uye mhedzisiro yekusvibiswa kwepetroleum.
2. Ndeapi maparamendi anowanzoshandiswa pakuongorora kusvibiswa kwemafuta?
Maparamendi akajairwa anosanganisira BOD, COD, TOC, oiri uye girizi, yakazara petroleum hydrocarbons, ultraviolet absorption, simbi, uye radioactive komisheni.
3. BOD inoyera chii mumvura ine tsvina?
BOD inofungidzira okisijeni inopedzwa netupukanana uku ichishatisa biodegradable organic zvinhu mumuenzaniso pasi pemamiriro ekuyedzwa akatsanangurwa.
4. Sei mafuta epetroleum hydrocarbons akakosha?
TPH inopa hupamhi hwemahydrocarboni anobva mupetroleum mumvura, muvhu, uye muvhu, ichibatsira vaongorori kunzwisisa kusvibiswa uye kuronga kugadzirisa kwakakodzera.
5. Kusvibiswa kwemafuta kungadziviswa sei?
Kudzivirirwa kunosanganisira kugara uchigadzirisa, kudzidziswa kwevashandi, kuongorora njodzi, kugadzirwa kwakachena, kuronga kwechimbichimbi, kuongorora, mirau yakasimba, uye masisitimu akavimbika ekupindura kurasikirwa.
6. Ko zvinorasa makemikari nguva dzose zvakakodzera kurashikirwa oiri?
Kwete. Kukodzera kwavo kunoenderana nekuteuka kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye kunzwisiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuti vanoparadzira vanogoverazve oiri pane kuiparadza zvachose.
7. Chii chinonzi skimmers oiri?
Oiri skimmers zvigadziriso zvemuchina zvinotora mafuta anoyangarara kubva pamusoro pemvura. Kubudirira kwavo kunoenderana nekukora kwemafuta, mamiriro ekunze, masaisai, mafungu, marara, uye dhizaini yemidziyo.
8. Ko tupukanana tunogona kubvisa kusvibiswa kwemafuta here?
Ehe. Humwe tupukanana hunogona kushatisa petroleum hydrocarbons, kunyangwe kugadzirisa hutachiona kunogona kuenderera zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinoenderana nekwakakodzera mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye kuita kwehutachiona.
9. Sei kuongorora kuchifanira kuenderera mberi mushure mekugadzirisa?
Kuteedzera kwekutarisa kunosimbisa kana mazinga ekusvibiswa adzikira uye kunobatsira kuona kusvibiswa kwasara kunogona kuramba kuri muvhu, sediment, mvura, kana biological system mushure mekunge mafuta anooneka anyangarika.
10. Sei kuongorora kusvibiswa kwemafuta kuchikosha?
Inopa humbowo hwekunzwisisa kuomarara kwekusvibiswa, kusarudza matanho ekudzora, kuongorora kugadzirisa, kutsigira kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza, nekuchengetedza ecosystem uye zviitiko zvevanhu kubva mukuenderera mberi nekusvibiswa kwepetroleum.
Iwe une chero mibvunzo, mazano, kana mipiro? Kana zvirizvo, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kushandisa bhokisi rekutaura pazasi kugovera pfungwa dzako. Tinokukurudzirawo kuti ugoverane nomutsa mashoko aya nevamwe vangabatsirwa nawo. Sezvo tisingakwanisi kusvika munhu wose panguva imwe chete, tinoonga zvechokwadi rubatsiro rwenyu mukuparadzira shoko. Ndinokutendai zvikuru nerutsigiro rwenyu uye nokugoverana!
Verenga zvakare: Kusvibiswa kweMvura neNyika muKurima