WealthInWastes

Large application of fertilizers has been practiced on arable lands to improve crop production and recover inherent and induced soil nutrient deficiency (Kassir et al.,… Read More »Factors Affecting the Mobility of Other Toxicants in Soil

Irrigation and management practices such as the rate and timing of pesticide applications and the mode of pesticide application also affect pesticide transport processes. The… Read More »Management Practices Affecting the Mobility of Pesticides in Soil

The site conditions affecting the mobility of pesticides in the soil include groundwater table, hydrogeologic conditions, and climatic and weather conditions. Generally, the groundwater table… Read More »Site Conditions Affecting the Mobility of Pesticides in Soil

Soil properties exert significant influences on the fate and transport of pesticides in croplands. Pesticide movement in soil is largely controlled by several factors including… Read More »Soil Properties Affecting Pesticide Mobility in Soil

Pesticide mobility may result in redistribution within the application site or movement of some amount of the pesticide off site. Following the application of a… Read More »Pesticide Properties Affecting Its Mobility

A pesticide is a toxic chemical substance or a mixture of substances or biological agents that are intentionally released into the environment in order to… Read More »Movement and Absorption of Pesticides in Soil

Crude oil pollution monitoring using the presence of individual organic compounds like VOCs, PAHs may be misleading because some of these compounds may be released… Read More »Application of Biomarkers in Oil Pollution Monitoring

Biomarkers in crude oils can be used to assess the thermal maturity of the source rocks. This is because there are changes in the relative… Read More »Application of Biomarkers in Petroleum Tagging

The conversion processes of the biological origins of the crude oil have ensured that the majority of the components have been extensively converted into organic… Read More »Petroleum Tagging and Biomarker Analysis

Biomarkers are compounds often hydrocarbons that are found in crude oils that are chemical signature of the organism from which they were produced. They are… Read More »Oil Tagging and Use of Biomarkers in Oil Pollution Monitoring

It is always nearly impossible to investigate and analysis the whole population. Thus, it is important to know how to obtain a representative sample for… Read More »Sampling and Sampling Equipment for Water, Soil and Sediment

There are a number of parameters that can be measured in sites that have been polluted with oil spillage. This article is dedicated to teaching… Read More »Oil pollution Monitoring and Control

There is however generation of waste and environmental pollution issues that have been closely associated with various processes involved in the exploration and refining of… Read More »Oil Pollution in the Environment: Extent, Effects, Sources and Fate

The petroleum fractions obtained from the distillation towers can be generally classified as gases and naphtha, middle distillates and heavy fraction. This section focuses on… Read More »Petroleum Fractions and their Components

Crude oil is less useful unless subjected to refining processes. The refining of petroleum involves subjecting the crude oil feedstock to a series of physical… Read More »Physical Refining Processes of Crude Oil

The classification of crude oil can be done using many factors. It can be classified as hydrocarbon source based on physical state together with other… Read More »Crude Oil Classification and Crude Oil Properties

Crude oils are from different sources, generated from different raw materials and source rocks. They are stored in different reservoir rocks. As a result of… Read More »Composition of Crude Oil

The crude oil production process involves the transformation of the organic matter to crude oil over millions of years in a sedimentary source rock after… Read More »Mechanisms of Petroleum Migration and Petroleum Occurrence