Imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke, ehlanganisa ukugeza, ukuwasha, ukuwasha izindlu zangasese, ukulungisa ukudla, ukugeza izitsha nokuhlanza izinto zasendlini, ikhiqiza amanzi angcolile agcina engenile ezindleleni zokuthuthwa kwendle noma ezikhuculula indle.
Nakuba amanzi angcolile ephela ezindlini ngemisele, uhambo lwawo alugcini lapho. Iqukethe izinto eziphilayo, imisoco, ama-microorganisms, amakhemikhali, nezinye izinto ezidinga ukwelashwa okufanele ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwemvelo.
Amanzi angcolile asekhaya, ngokuvamile ahlotshaniswa nendle, angaba namagciwane ayingozi, amagciwane, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, imisoco, namakhemikhali asendlini. Ngaphandle kokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zingangcolisa inhlabathi nemithombo yamanzi.
Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuvikela impilo yomphakathi ngokunciphisa izinto eziyingozi ngaphambi kokuthi ukungcola okucociwe kukhishwe noma kusetshenziswe kabusha. Ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele futhi kuvikela imifula, amachibi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amaxhaphozi, nezinye izinsiza zemvelo ezibalulekile.
Indlela yokuhlanza ekhethiwe incike ezicini zamanzi angcolile, ukugeleza okulindelekile, umhlaba otholakalayo, izidingo zemvelo, izinsiza zezimali, kanye nendawo okuhloswe ukuthi kuyiwa kuyo noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukuqonda izinjongo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kanye nezimiso zokusebenza kubalulekile ezindlini, emiphakathini, ezimbonini, emabhizinisini ezolimo, kanye neziphathimandla ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela izinga lamanzi nokugcina izimo zokuhlanzeka.
Ezindaweni ezinengqalasizinda eyanele, izindawo zokwelashwa ezimaphakathi zingathola amanzi angcolile ngokuqhubekayo futhi ziwacubungule ngezigaba ezimbalwa zokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuwakhipha noma ukuphinda asetshenziswe okunenzuzo.
Lapho indle ephakathi nendawo ingatholakali noma ingafaneleki, amasistimu aklanywe ngendlela efanele angahlinzeka ngokuhlanza nokulahlwa kwamanzi angcolile. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela komhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, umhlabathi, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi angcolile.
Izinhloso Zokwelapha Amanzi Angcolile
Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuklanyelwe ukususa noma ukunciphisa ukungcola okungadala izingozi zezempilo, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, izimo ezingajabulisi, noma imiphumela engamukeleki lapho amanzi angcolile engena ezindaweni eziwamukelayo.
Izinjongo ezithile zokwelashwa zincike ekubunjweni kwamanzi angcolile, izidingo zokukhishwa, ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo bokwelapha, ukuzwela kwendawo ezungezile, nokuthi ingabe amanzi okugcina azokhishwa, aphinde asetshenziswe, noma aphinde ahlanzwe.
1. Susa ama-sediments:
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kususa izinto ezinkulu, inhlabathi, isihlabathi, nezinto ezilungisekayo ezingavimbela amapayipi, zonakalisa okomshini, kwehlise ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa, noma kunqwabelene ngokungadingekile ngaphakathi kwamayunithi okwelapha kamuva.
2. Susa izinto eziphilayo:
Amanzi angcolile aqukethe izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo ezingaboliswa amagciwane. Ukwelashwa kunciphisa isidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, kusiza ukuvimbela ukuncipha komoyampilo ngokweqile emifuleni, emifudlaneni, emachibini, nakwamanye amanzi atholayo.
3. Khipha imisoco:
I-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ingakhuthaza ukukhula ngokweqile kwezitshalo kanye nolwelwe lapho ikhishwa ngobuningi. Ukususwa komsoco kusiza ukunciphisa i-eutrophication futhi kuvikela ibhalansi yemvelo yokwamukela imizimba yamanzi.
4. Susa noma wenze amagciwane angasebenzi:
Amagciwane afana namagciwane abangela izifo, amagciwane, i-protozoa, namanye amagciwane kufanele ehliswe noma enziwe angasebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nokuchayeka kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile okungafanele.
Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuqala ngokuqonda ukwakheka nokugeleza kwamanzi angcolile. Okuningiliziwe izici zamanzi angcolile nolwazi lokugeleza isiza onjiniyela ukunquma izinqubo zokwelashwa ezifanele kanye namandla esistimu.
Ukushintshashintsha kokugeleza nakho kubalulekile ngoba amayunithi okwelapha kufanele amukele uguquko lwamanzi angcolile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle. Ukuhlolwa okufanelekile kwe-hydraulic kusiza ukuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukwelashwa okwanele, nokungazinzi kokusebenza.
Amanzi angcolile angase acutshungulwe ngamazinga amaningana wokuhlanza, okuhlanganisa izigaba zokuqala noma zokwelashwa, eziyinhloko, ezesibili, ezemfundo ephakeme, nezigaba zokubulala amagciwane, kuye ngekhwalithi edingekayo yokugcina ukungcola.
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kuvame ukususa imfucumfucu emikhulu nenhlabathi, kuyilapho ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kuncike kakhulu ekuhlukaneni ngokomzimba. Ukwelashwa kwesibili kusebenzisa izinqubo zebhayoloji ukunciphisa izinto eziphilayo ezingaboli.
Ukwelashwa okuphakeme kunikeza ukupholisha okwengeziwe lapho kudingekile, ikakhulukazi lapho ukususwa kwezakhi, ukukhishwa okuqinile okuthuthukisiwe, noma ezinye izinjongo ezithile zekhwalithi yamanzi zidingeka ukuze kukhishwe noma kusetshenziswe kabusha.
Ukubulala amagciwane kunikeza umgoqo owengeziwe ngokumelene nama-microorganisms asele ngemva kwezinqubo zokwelashwa zangaphambili. Kuye ngesikhungo, izindlela zingase zihlanganise i-chlorination, ukwelashwa kwe-ultraviolet, noma obunye ubuchwepheshe obufanelekile.
Ithebula 13 lifingqa amazinga ajwayelekile okuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nezinjongo zawo eziyinhloko. Ukucushwa okuqondile kuyehluka phakathi kwezikhungo ngoba amasistimu okwelapha aklanywe ngokuya ngezici ezithile zamanzi angcolile kanye nezidingo.
Ithebula 13: Amazinga Okuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile kanye Nezinjongo Zawo
| Izinga | Inhloso |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili | Susa izinto ezinkulu, isihlabathi, inhlaka, nezinye izinto ezingase ziphazamise izinqubo zokwelashwa ezilandelayo. |
| Okuyinhloko | Susa izinto eziqinile ezixazululekayo nezimisiwe ngezinqubo zomzimba, kuyilapho wehlisa ingxenye yomthwalo wezinto eziphilayo. |
| Okwesibili | Sebenzisa izinqubo zebhayoloji ukunciphisa izinto eziphilayo ezingaboli kanye nokungcola okuhlobene okusele ngemva kokwelashwa okuyisisekelo. |
| Phezulu | Nikeza ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kwemisoco, izinto eziqinile, izinhlanganisela ezithile zemvelo, noma okunye ukungcola okudinga ukususwa okuthuthukisiwe. |
| Ukubulala amagciwane | Yehlisa noma wenze kusebenze ama-microorganisms abangela izifo asele ngemva kwezigaba zokwelashwa ezandulele. |
Funda Futhi: Izinketho Zokwelapha Amanzi Angcolile
Ukusebenza Kwesikhungo Sokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile
Izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile zithola amanzi angcolile angenayo, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi i-influent, futhi ziwacubungule ngokusebenzisa okulawulwayo ngokomzimba, kwebhayoloji, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwamakhemikhali okuklanyelwe ukukhiqiza ukungcola kokugcina okwamukelekayo.
Amanzi angcolile asekhaya aphuma ikakhulukazi ezindlini futhi ahlanganisa amanzi aphuma ezindlini zangasese, izindlu zangasese, amakhishi, imisebenzi yokuwasha, osinki, nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo.
Amanzi angcolile ngokuvamile angamanzi ngesisindo, kodwa ingxenye encane yokungcola okuncibilikisiwe nokumisiwe kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo kanye nempilo yomphakathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele.
Izikhungo zokwelashwa zivame ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi angcolile kwenzeka usuku lonke. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kuvumela ukugeleza okungenayo ukuthi kwamukelwe, kulashwe, kuqashwe, futhi kukhishwe ngokuphepha.
Izigaba zokuqala zivame ukugxila ekuvikeleni okokusebenza nasekususeni izinto ezingase ziphazamise ukwelashwa kwakamuva. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa nokususwa kwegrit kuyimisebenzi yokuqala ebalulekile.
Ukuhlola kususa izinto ezinkulu ezinjengamapulasitiki, amanikiniki, izinti, imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko, nezinye izibi. Ukususwa kwegrit kuqondise izinhlayiya ezingaphili ezisindayo njengesihlabathi namatshe amancane.
I-sedimentation eyinhloko ibe isivumela izinto ezilengisiwe ezinzima kakhulu ukuthi zizinze kuyilapho izinto ezithambile ezintanta kalula zingasuswa endaweni yamanzi angcolile. Lezi zinqubo zehlisa umthwalo ongcolile ongena ekwelashweni kwebhayoloji.
Ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana i-sedimentation ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile kubalulekile ngoba ukulungisa ukusebenza kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa okwehla nomfula kanye nenani lodaka olukhiqizwayo.
Ukwelashwa kwesibili kuvame ukuncika kuma-microorganisms adla izinto eziphilayo ezingabolayo ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezilawulwayo. Amasistimu ebhayoloji angase asebenzise izinqubo zokukhula okumisiwe noma ezinamathiselwe, kuye ngomklamo wezitshalo.
I inqubo evamile yokwelapha indle ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukusebenza ngokomzimba kanye nemvelo ukunciphisa ukungcola ngaphambi kokuba ukungcola kukhishelwe endaweni etholayo.
Ukwelashwa okuphakeme noma okuthuthukisiwe kungalandela ukwelashwa kwesibili lapho kusetshenziswa izindinganiso eziqinile zokuchithwa kwamanzi. Ingase iqonde imisoco, izinhlayiya ezinhle, izinto ezincibilikisiwe, amagciwane, noma ukungcola okuthile okudinga ukususwa okwengeziwe.
Izinsiza zesimanje zingase zihlanganise nobuchwepheshe be-membrane obuthuthukisiwe bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, izinqubo ze-ultrafiltration ingasekela ukuhlukaniswa okuthuthukile kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile asezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukubulala amagciwane kunikeza ukulawula kokugcina kwamagciwane lapho kudingeka. Ama-opharetha kufanele aqaphe ukusebenza kokwelashwa ngokucophelela ngoba ukwelashwa okwanele kungase kubangele ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-hydraulic, ukwehluleka kwemishini, ukunganaki kahle, noma ukungazinzi kwenqubo.
Ulwazi lokugeleza olunembile lubalulekile lapho uklama futhi usebenzisa amasistimu okwelapha. Izindlela zokulinganisa ukugeleza kwamanzi angcolile ukusiza ukunquma izidingo ze-hydraulic kanye namandla okwelapha afanelekile.
Udaka ngomunye umphumela omkhulu wokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Izinto eziqinile ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kufanele zijiywe, zizinziswe, zikhishwe amanzi, ziphinde zisetshenziswe, noma zilahlwe ngezindlela ezihambisana nezici zazo.
Ngakho-ke izimboni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile zisebenza njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zokulawula ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukusebenza kwabo kuncike ekwakhiweni komsindo, ukusebenza kahle, ukunakekelwa okuvamile, abasebenzi abanekhono, ukuqapha, nengqalasizinda ethembekile.
Uhlelo Lokulahla kanye Nokwelapha Esizeni
Uhlelo lokuhlanza nokulahlwa kwamanzi angcolile esizeni luphatha amanzi angcolile eduze kwalapho akhiqizwa khona kunokuthutha wonke amanzi angcolile ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yokuhlanza kamasipala ephakathi nendawo.
Amasistimu asendaweni awusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ingqalasizinda yepayipi lendle eliphakathi nendawo ingatholakali khona, ingenzeki, ibiza kakhulu, noma ingafaneleki ngenxa yesimo sendawo noma indawo yokuhlala.
Isistimu ngayinye yasendaweni kufanele yakhelwe izici zesizinda sayo esithile kanye nevolumu yamanzi angcolile elindelwe. Izimo zesayithi zingahluka kakhulu ngisho naphakathi kwezakhiwo eziseduze.
Uphenyo lwendawo efanele kufanele lucabangele izakhiwo zenhlabathi, i-toography, indawo etholakalayo yomhlaba, ukuphehlwa kwamanzi angcolile okulindelekile, izimo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu aseduze, nengqalasizinda ekhona ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlelo.
1. Izimo zomhlabathi:
Ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka, ukungeneka, ukujula, izindawo zokudonsa amanzi, nezingqimba ezivimbelayo kuthonya indlela amanzi angcolile angahamba ngayo emhlabathini futhi athole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokulahlwa.
2. I-Topography kanye nosayizi wendawo:
Umthambeka womhlaba, indawo etholakalayo, imingcele yendawo, kanye nethonya lesakhiwo sesayithi lapho izingxenye zokwelashwa zingafakwa ngokuphephile kuyilapho kugcinwa amabanga okuhlukaniswa adingekayo ukusuka ezindaweni ezibucayi.
3. Izimo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba:
Ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuguquguquka kwamanzi angaphansi kwesizini kufanele kucatshangelwe ngoba ukuhlukana okunganele kungandisa izingozi zokungcoliswa futhi kuphazamise ukwelashwa okusebenzayo nokulahlwa.
4. Imithombo yamanzi eseduze:
Imithombo, imifula, imifudlana, iziphethu, amachibi, amachibi, nemigudu yokukhipha amanzi kufanele kubonakale ngoba izimiso ezisendaweni engalungile zingavumela amanzi angcolile angagezwanga noma angalungiswanga ngokwanele ukuba afinyelele imithombo yamanzi ebucayi.
5. Ubuningi bamanzi angcolile:
Ukugeleza kwamanzi angcolile okulindelekile kufanele kulinganiswe ngokunembile ngenxa yokuthi isistimu encane ingase igcwale kakhulu, kuyilapho ukugcwala ngokweqile okungadingekile kungakhuphula izindleko zokwakha nokulungisa ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezilinganayo.
Amasistimu asendaweni ngokuvamile afaka ithange le-septic elilandelwa ukumuncwa kwenhlabathi engaphansi komhlaba noma indawo yokulahla. Ithangi linikeza ukwelashwa kokuqala kuyilapho uhlelo lwenhlabathi luhlinzeka ngokwelashwa okwengeziwe nokuhlakazeka.
Ukufaneleka kokwelashwa endaweni kuncike kakhulu ezimeni zendawo. Okuningiliziwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokucatshangelwa kokuphathwa endaweni ingasiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izidingo zokwelashwa zihluka phakathi kwezindawo nezicelo.
Ukuhlolwa kokubhobozwa kwenhlabathi noma ukuhlola iphrofayili yenhlabathi efanele kunganikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthi amanzi ahamba ngokushesha kangakanani enhlabathini. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi indawo yokulahla ehlongozwayo ifanelekile yini.
Ezinye iziza zingase zibe nemikhawulo enzima ebangelwa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angashoni, inhlabathi engangeneki, indawo ewumqansa, indawo enganele, amandla ezikhukhula, noma ukuba seduze kwemithombo yamanzi ebucayi.
Lapho amasistimu avamile engafaneleki, okunye ukwelashwa noma ubuchwepheshe bokulahla kungase kucatshangelwe. Ubuchwepheshe obukhethiwe kufanele bunikeze ukwelashwa okwanele kuyilapho kwanelisa izidingo zemvelo ezisebenzayo, impilo yomphakathi, kanye nokuhlela.
Ukusebenza ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ngemva kokufakwa. Abahlali basekhaya kufanele bagweme izinqubo ezilayisha kakhulu isistimu, ezethula izinto ezingafaneleki, ezilimaza izingxenye zokwelashwa, noma eziphazamisa izinqubo zokwelashwa ezivamile zebhayoloji.
Ukuhlola nokugcinwa okuvamile kunganweba impilo yesistimu futhi kuvimbele ukwehluleka okungagwemeka. Amathangi e-Septic, amaphampu, izihlungi, izingxenye zokusabalalisa, nezindawo zokulahla kufanele ziqashelwe ngokuya ngezidingo zedizayini yesistimu.
Ukuphatha endaweni okusebenzayo kuyingxenye yobubanzi ukuphathwa kwamanzi kanye namanzi angcolile, ehlose ukuvikela imithombo yamanzi ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi angcolile aqoqwa ngokuphephile, ayalungiswa, aphinde asetshenziswe, noma alahlwe.
Kwezinye izimo, amanzi angcolile acociwe angase alungele ukusetshenziswa kabusha okunenzuzo ngemva kokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuhlola ubungozi. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kunganciphisa isidingo samanzi ahlanzekile, kodwa izinga lokwelapha elidingekayo lincike kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwawo okuhlosiwe.
Mayelana nezinhlelo zezolimo, ukulawulwa kwamanzi angcolile kufanele kusingathwe ngokucophelela ngoba amanzi angcolile angalashwanga noma angalungiswa ngendlela efanele angangenisa amagciwane, imisoco, usawoti, amakhemikhali nokunye ukungcola endaweni yezolimo.
Amabhizinisi ezolimo nawo angafunda ezindleleni ezibanzi zokongiwa kwezinsiza. Izindlela zokongiwa komhlabathi namanzi ukweseka ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele komhlaba kanye nemithombo yamanzi ebalulekile.
Lapho izimo ezimbi zemvelo noma zemvelo zenza ukulahlwa kwendawo kungafaneleki, abaphathi bangase banqabe uhlelo oluhlongozwayo noma bafune enye idizayini enikeza ukuvikeleka okungcono kwemithombo yezempilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo.
Ekugcineni, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile okusebenzayo kuncike ekufaniseni ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha nezici zamanzi angcolile, izimo ze-hydraulic, imikhawulo yesayithi, izinhloso zemvelo, izinsiza ezitholakalayo, kanye nendlela yokugcina ehlosiwe yokusebenzisa noma yokulahla.
Funda Futhi: Izinjongo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Nezinqubo Zokuhlanza Amanzi
Ukubaluleka Kokulawulwa Okufanelekile Kwamanzi Angcolile
Ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi angcolile kubalulekile ngoba amanzi angcolile angakahlanzwa angathwala izinto ezingcolile azifake ezinhlelweni zemvelo lapho engase adale khona ubungozi bezempilo, kulimaze imvelo, futhi ehlise izinga lemithombo yamanzi etholakalayo.
Ukulawulwa kwamanzi angcolile kuqala ngokuqoqwa okufanele futhi kuqhubeke ngokwelashwa, ukuqapha, ukuchithwa, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, nokuphatha izinsalela zokwelashwa. Isigaba ngasinye sinomthelela ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo okuphelele kokulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Enye inzuzo enkulu ukuvikela amanzi angaphezulu. Imifula, imifudlana, amachibi, amachibi, namadamu kungase kungcole kakhulu lapho kungena indle engagezwanga noma amanzi angcolile angagezwanga ngokwanele.
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nawo adinga ukuvikelwa ngoba ukungcola kungaqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi kungase kuthinte imithombo esetshenziselwa izinjongo zasekhaya, ezolimo, nezinye.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ngendlela efanele kunciphisa ukusakazeka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukukhipha noma ukuvala amagciwane kwehlisa amathuba okuthi amanzi angcolile adalule abantu ngokuthintana okuqondile noma okungaqondile.
Ukulawulwa kwezakhi zomsoco kungenye inhloso ebalulekile ngoba i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ngokweqile kungaba nomthelela eutrophication, ukukhula kolwelwe, ukuncipha kwezimo zomoya-mpilo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemvelo ekutholeni amanzi.
Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile nakho kungasekela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi. Amanzi angcolile aphathwe kahle angase anikeze omunye umthombo wezinhlelo ezithile ezingaphuzwa, okunciphisa ukucindezela kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Amandla okusetshenziswa kabusha ahlolisiswa kakhulu ku amasistimu okugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi angcolile, lapho izidingo zokwelashwa zifaniswa nezingozi kanye nezicelo ezihlosiwe.
Izikhungo zezimboni zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngoba amanzi azo angcolile angaba nokungcola okuhlukile, okuhlanganisa uwoyela, izincibilikisi, izinsimbi, imisoco, usawoti, nezinye izinto ezingase zidinge ukwelashwa okukhethekile.
I inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile yezimboni ibonisa ukuthi kungani amasistimu okwelapha kufanele akhethwe ngokuvumelana nokwakheka okuthile kanye nezici ezingcolisayo zamanzi angcolile ezimbonini.
Ukulawulwa kwamanzi angcolile okunengqondo kunganikeza izinzuzo zezomnotho ngokunciphisa izindleko ezihlobene nokungcoliswa, ukuvikela imithombo yamanzi akhiqizayo, ukusekela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi, nokunciphisa umonakalo ohambisana nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo.
Imiphakathi nayo iyazuza lapho ingqalasizinda yamanzi angcolile iklanywe ngendlela efanele, inakekelwa, futhi iqashelwa. Izinhlelo ezinokwethenjelwa zineqhaza ekuhlalweni okunempilo, indawo ezungezile ehlanzekile, kanye nokwethenjwa okuthuthukisiwe ezinsizeni zemvelo ezitholakalayo.
Ukuphatha okuphumelelayo kudinga izinqubomgomo ezifanele, ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezezimali, ukuqwashisa umphakathi, ukuqiniswa kwemithetho, ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, kanye nokuziphatha okuqotho okuvela kumajeneretha amanzi angcolile kanye nabaqhubi besistimu.
Izikhungo zokwelashwa zesimanje zingase futhi zidale amathuba ezomnotho ngokutholwa kwezinsiza, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe amanzi angcolile, ukuphatha udaka, ukuhlinzekwa kwemishini, ukusebenza kwemishini, ukunakekelwa, nezinye izinsiza ezisekelayo.
Eminye imisebenzi ehlobene namanzi angcolile ingaba amabhizinisi akhethekile. Amabhizinisi abandakanyekayo ezinsizeni zokwelashwa nokululama kufanele, nokho, ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezisebenzayo zobuchwepheshe, ezemvelo, kanye nezempilo yomphakathi.
Sekukonke, ukuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile kufanele kuthathwe njengensizakalo ebalulekile yezemvelo kunokuba kube nje umsebenzi wokulahla. Inhloso yawo ukuvikela abantu, ukonga amanzi, nokunciphisa ukungcola.
Izinto Okufanele Uzicabange Ngaphambi Kokukhetha Isistimu Yamanzi Angcolile Esendaweni
Ukukhetha isistimu yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile endaweni kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngoba abukho ubuchwepheshe obubodwa obufanele yonke indawo, uhlobo lwamanzi angcolile, isimo senhlabathi, isimo sezulu, isimo samanzi angaphansi komhlaba, noma iphethini yendawo yokuhlala.
Ubuningi bamanzi angcolile akhiqizwayo ngenye yezinto zokuqala ezicatshangelwayo. Umthamo wesistimu kufanele uhambisane nokugeleza kwansuku zonke okulindelekile, ukugeleza okuphezulu, indawo yokuhlala, kanye nezinguquko ezingaba khona zesikhathi esizayo.
Izici zamanzi angcolile nazo zinomthelela ezidingweni zokwelashwa. Indle yasekhaya ivamise ukuhluka emanzini angcolile ezimbonini noma ezolimo, angase aqukathe ukungcola okwengeziwe okudinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile noma ukugezwa kusengaphambili.
Indawo etholakalayo yomhlaba ithinta ukukhethwa kwesistimu ngoba okunye ukwelashwa nokuchithwa kwenhlabathi kudinga indawo enkulu. Izakhiwo ezincane zingadinga amasistimu ahlangene noma athuthukile.
Ukungena kwenhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho amanzi angcolile ahlanziwe ezohlakazwa emhlabathini. Ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane kakhulu noma okusheshayo kungadala izinkinga zokuklama nokusebenza.
Ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele futhi kuhlolwe ngokucophelela. Isistimu yokulahla efakwe eduze kakhulu namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ingase ikhulise ubungozi bokungcoliswa futhi ingase yehluleke ukunikeza izimo zokwelashwa ezanele.
I-Topography ingaba nomthelela ekugelezeni kwamandla adonsela phansi, izidingo zokumba, izidingo zokumpompa, amaphethini okudonsa amanzi, kanye nendawo yezindawo zokwelashwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo kanye nemingcele yendawo.
Imithombo eseduze nezindawo zamanzi ezingaphezulu kufanele zihlonzwe ngaphambi kokufakwa. Amabanga afanelekile okuhlukanisa asiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okungcolisa imithombo yamanzi okuphuza kanye nezindawo ezizwela imvelo.
Imithetho yendawo kanye nezidingo zokugunyazwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa. Iziphathimandla zingacacisa ubuchwepheshe obamukelekayo, amabanga amancane, izinqubo zokuhlola, izidingo zokunakekela, kanye namazinga okukhipha.
Uxhaso olukhona lungenye indlela engokoqobo yokucatshangelwa. Izindleko zokufaka, izidingo zikagesi, izindleko zokuwulungisa, izingxenye ezishintshayo, ukususwa kodaka, nezindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside kufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlelo.
Isimo sezulu nezimo zonyaka zingase futhi zithinte ukusebenza. Izikhukhula, imvula enamandla, ukushintsha kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, nezimo ezomile ezithatha isikhathi eside kungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kohlelo.
Ukonga amanzi kunganciphisa ukuphehlwa kwamanzi angcolile futhi kusize amasistimu amancane ukuphatha ukulayishwa kwe-hydraulic. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asekhaya ngendlela efanele kungahambisana nezinqubo ezifanele zokuhlanza nokulahlwa kwamanzi angcolile.
Ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwamanzi angcolile kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nokuhlelwa kwesistimu. Ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa mayelana namaphethini okugeleza alindelekile lusekela usayizi ofanele futhi lunciphisa amathuba okugcwala kwe-hydraulic.
Ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kufanele kucatshangelwe kusukela ekuqaleni. Isistimu ingase isebenze kabi lapho abanikazi bengakwazi ukuthola izingxenye ezishintshayo, usizo lobuchwepheshe, ugesi, noma izinsiza zokuhlola ezivamile.
Ekugcineni, isistimu yamanzi angcolile ehamba phambili yileyo enikeza ukwelashwa okwanele, elingana nendawo etholakalayo, evikela impilo yomphakathi, enelisa izidingo zemvelo, futhi engasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isifinyezo Sendawo Yokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Kamasipala
| Isihloko | Isifinyezo |
|---|---|
| Amanzi angcolile | Amanzi angcolile angamanzi angcoliswe imisebenzi yasekhaya, yezohwebo, yezimboni, yezolimo, noma eminye imisebenzi yabantu futhi adinga ukuphathwa okufanele ngaphambi kokuchithwa noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha. |
| Inhloso Yokwelashwa | Izinjongo eziyinhloko ukwehlisa izinto eziqinile, izinto eziphilayo, imisoco, amagciwane, nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezingase zilimaze abantu noma imvelo. |
| Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili | Isusa izinto ezinkulu, inhlanzi, isihlabathi, nezinto ezingaphazamisa izigaba zokwelashwa zakamuva. |
| Ukwelashwa Okuyisisekelo | Isebenzisa izinqubo zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ukuhlalisa, ukususa okuqinile okumisiwe nokuhlelekayo kanye nokunciphisa ingxenye yomthwalo wezinto eziphilayo. |
| Ukwelashwa Kwesibili | Isebenzisa izinqubo zebhayoloji ukunciphisa izinto eziphilayo ezingaboli kanye nokungcola okuhlobene okusele ngemva kokwelashwa okuyisisekelo. |
| Ukwelashwa Kwemfundo Ephakeme | Ihlinzeka ngokwelashwa okwengeziwe kwemisoco, okuqinile okuhle, ukungcola okuthile, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukungcola kwekhwalithi ephezulu. |
| Ukubulala amagciwane | Yehlisa noma yenza kusebenze amagciwane adala izifo asele ngemva kwezinye izigaba zokwelashwa. |
| Onsite Systems | Geza amanzi angcolile eduze kwalapho akhiwa khona futhi awusizo lapho indle ephakathi nendawo ingatholakali noma ingenzeki. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwesayithi | Icabangela inhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, i-topography, ubukhulu bendawo, ukugeleza kwamanzi angcolile, imithombo yamanzi eseduze, imithethonqubo, nezinye izimo zesayithi. |
| Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo | Ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi angcolile kuvikela impilo yomphakathi, imithombo yamanzi, imvelo, kanye nemiphakathi kuyilapho kusekela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi aphephile. |
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nezinjongo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile, Ukusebenza, kanye Nezinhlelo Zokulahlwa Kwendawo
1. Ayini amanzi angcolile?
Amanzi angcolile angamanzi angcoliswe imisebenzi yasekhaya, yezohwebo, yezimboni, yezolimo, noma eminye futhi aqukethe izinto ezidinga ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokukhishwa okuphephile noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha okufanele.
2. Kungani amanzi angcolile asekhaya edinga ukugezwa?
Amanzi angcolile asekhaya angaqukatha amagciwane, izinto eziphilayo, imisoco, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, namakhemikhali angase angcolise imithombo yamanzi futhi adale izingozi empilweni yabantu neyemvelo.
3. Yiziphi izinjongo eziyinhloko zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile?
Izinjongo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukususa izinsalela, ukunciphisa izinto eziphilayo, ukulawula imisoco, ukunciphisa ukungcola, nokukhipha noma ukuvala ama-microorganisms abangela izifo.
4. Kuyini ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile okuyinhloko?
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kusebenzisa izinqubo zomzimba ezifana nokucwiliswa kwenhlabathi ukuze kususwe izinto eziqinile ezixazululekayo nezilengisiwe ngaphambi kokuba amanzi angcolile adlulele ezigabeni zokwelashwa ezilandelayo.
5. Kuyini ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile okwesibili?
Ukwelashwa kwesibili ngokuvamile kusebenzisa izinqubo zebhayoloji lapho ama-microorganisms ehlukanisa izinto eziphilayo ezingaboli, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okusele ngemva kokwelashwa okuyisisekelo.
6. Kuyini ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile okuphakeme?
Ukwelashwa okuphakeme kunikeza ukususwa kokungcola okwengeziwe ngemva kokwelashwa kwesibili futhi kungase kuqondise imisoco, izinto eziqinile, amakhemikhali athile, amagciwane, noma okunye ukungcola.
7. Luyini uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile esizeni?
Isistimu esendaweni iphatha futhi ilahle amanzi angcolile eduze nendawo akhiqiza kuyo, evamise ukuhlinzeka ngezakhiwo ngazinye noma izinsiza ezincane ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwendle okumaphakathi.
8. Yiziphi izici ezithinta ukukhethwa kwesistimu yamanzi angcolile?
Izici ezibalulekile zifaka izimo zenhlabathi, ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, isimo sendawo, umhlaba otholakalayo, ubuningi bamanzi angcolile, ikhwalithi yamanzi angcolile, imithombo yamanzi eseduze, imithetho yendawo, izindleko, kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa.
9. Ingabe amanzi angcolile ahlanzekile angasetshenziswa kabusha?
Yebo, amanzi angcolile acociwe ngezinye izikhathi angasetshenziswa futhi ngezinjongo ezifanele ezingaphuzwa, kodwa izinga lokuhlanza elidingekayo lincike kwikhwalithi yamanzi, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, izingozi zokuchayeka, kanye nezidingo ezisebenzayo.
10. Kungani kubalulekile ukubulala amagciwane?
Ukubulala amagciwane kunciphisa noma kwenza ama-microorganisms abangela izifo angasebenzi angase asale ngemva kwezigaba zokwelashwa zangaphambilini, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze isivikelo esengeziwe ngaphambi kokukhishwa noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha okugunyaziwe.
Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Futhi sikukhuthaza ukuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa ngempela usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!
Funda Futhi: Umhlahlandlela Wokongiwa Kwenhlabathi Namanzi