Mabasa akawanda ezuva nezuva, anosanganisira kugeza, kuwacha, kuwacha zvimbuzi, kugadzira zvokudya, kusuka ndiro, uye kuchenesa zvinhu zvomumba, zvinobudisa mvura inoraswa inozopedzisira yapinda mupombi dzetsvina.
Kunyange zvazvo mvura yetsvina ichinyangarika mudzimba nomumigero, rwendo rwayo haruna kugumira ipapo. Iine organic zvinhu, zvinovaka muviri, tupukanana, makemikari, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoda kurapwa kwakakodzera kusati kwaburitswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Mvura yetsvina yemumba, inowanzobatanidzwa netsvina, inogona kuva nemabhakitiriya anokuvadza, mavhairasi, zvinhu zvakasimba zvakaturikwa, zvinovaka muviri, uye makemikari emumba. Pasina hutungamiri hwakanaka, izvi zvinosvibisa zvinogona kusvibisa ivhu nemvura.
Kugadziriswa kwemvura yetsvina kunochengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji nekudzikisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza tsvina isati yacheneswa yaraswa kana kushandiswa zvakare. Kurapa kwakakodzera kunodzivirirawo nzizi, madziva, mvura yepasi, matoro, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvakatipoteredza.
Nzira yekurapa yakasarudzwa inotsamira pahunhu hwemvura yetsvina, kuyerera kunotarisirwa, ivhu rinowanikwa, zvinodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza, zviwanikwa zvemari, uye kwainoda kuenda kana kushandisazve kushandiswa kwemvura yakacheneswa.
Kunzwisisa zvinangwa zvekuchenesa mvura yetsvina uye misimboti yekushandisa kwakakosha kudzimba, nharaunda, maindasitiri, mabhizinesi ekurima, uye zviremera zvine basa rekuchengetedza kunaka kwemvura uye kuchengetedza hutsanana.
Munzvimbo dzine zvivakwa zvakaringana, nzvimbo dzekurapisa dzepakati dzinogona kugamuchira mvura yetsvina nguva nenguva uye nekuigadzira kuburikidza nematanho akati wandei ekurapwa isati yaburitswa kana kushandiswa zvakare kunobatsira.
Kana pombi yesuweji yepakati isingawanikwe kana isina kukodzera, masisitimu akagadzirwa nemazvo anogona kupa mushonga wetsvina uye kuraswa. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinoda kunyatsoongororwa ivhu, mvura yepasi, ivhu, uye mafambiro emvura.
Zvinangwa zveWastewater Treatment
Kugadziriswa kwemvura yetsvina kwakagadzirirwa kubvisa kana kuderedza zvinosvibisa zvinogona kugadzira njodzi dzehutano, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, mamiriro asingafadzi, kana mhedzisiro isingagamuchirwe kana mvura yetsvina ichipinda munzvimbo dzekugamuchira.
Izvo zvinangwa zvekurapa zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwemvura yetsvina, zvinodikanwa zvekurasa, tekinoroji yekurapa iripo, kunzwisiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuti mvura yekupedzisira ichaburitswa here, kushandiswazve, kana kuwedzera kurapwa.
1. Bvisa sediments:
Kurapa kwekutanga kunobvisa zvinhu zvakakura, grit, jecha, uye zvinhu zvinogadzika zvinogona kuvharidzira pombi, kukuvadza michina yemagetsi, kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekurapa, kana kuunganidza zvisina kufanira mukati memashure ekurapwa.
2. Bvisa organic matter:
Mvura yakasviba ine biodegradable organic zvinhu izvo tupukanana zvinogona kuora. Kurapa kunoderedza kudiwa kweokisijeni yebiochemical, zvichibatsira kudzivirira kupera kweokisijeni yakawandisa munzizi, hova, madziva, nedzimwe mvura dzinogamuchira.
3. Bvisa zvinovaka muviri:
Nitrogen uye phosphorus zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwechirimwa uye algae zvakanyanya kana zvabudiswa muhuwandu. Kubvisa Nutrient kunobatsira kuderedza eutrophication uye inochengetedza chiyero che ecological chekugamuchira miviri yemvura.
4. Bvisa kana kumisa utachiona:
Utachiona hwakadai sehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere, mavhairasi, protozoa, uye humwe hutachiona hunofanirwa kudzikiswa kana kumiswa kuti huderedze njodzi dzine chekuita nekuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemvura yetsvina.
Kurapa kunoshanda kunotanga nekunzwisisa kuumbwa kwemvura yetsvina uye kuyerera. Detailed hunhu hwemvura yetsvina uye ruzivo rwekuyerera inobatsira mainjiniya kuona maitiro ekurapa akakodzera uye maitiro ehurongwa.
Kuyerera kwakasiyana kwakakoshawo nekuti mayuniti ekurapa anofanirwa kutambira shanduko yemvura yetsvina pasina kurasikirwa nekugona. Yakakodzera hydraulic ongororo inobatsira kudzivirira kuwandisa, kusakwana kurapwa, uye kusagadzikana kwekushanda.
Mvura yetsvina inogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nematanho akati wandei ekurapwa, kusanganisira yekutanga kana pretreatment, yepuraimari, yechipiri, yepamusoro, uye yekuuraya utachiona matanho, zvichienderana nemhando inodiwa yemvura yekupedzisira.
Kurapwa kwekutanga kunowanzo bvisa marara akakura uye marara, nepo kurapwa kwekutanga kuchitsamira pakuparadzana kwenyama. Kurapwa kwechipiri kunoshandisa biological process kuderedza biodegradable organic matter.
Kurapa kwepamusoro kunopa kumwe kukwenenzverwa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, kunyanya kana pabviswa zvinovaka muviri, kubviswa kwakasimba kwepamusoro, kana zvimwe zvinangwa zvemhando yemvura zvichidikanwa pakuburitswa kana kushandiswazve.
Disinfection inopa imwe chipingamupinyi kurwisa tupukanana tukasara mushure mekutanga kurapwa. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo, nzira dzinogona kusanganisira chlorination, ultraviolet kurapwa, kana mamwe matekinoroji akakodzera.
Tafura 13 inopfupikisa mazinga akajairwa ekuchenesa mvura yetsvina uye zvinangwa zvavo zvikuru. Iyo chaiyo yekumisikidza inosiyana pakati pezvivakwa nekuti marapirwo masisitimu akagadzirwa zvinoenderana neaya emarara maitiro uye zvinodiwa.
Tafura 13: Mazinga eWastewater Treatment uye Zvinangwa Zvavo
| Level | Chinangwa |
|---|---|
| Pre-kurapwa | Bvisa zvinhu zvakakura, jecha, grit, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro anotevera ekurapa. |
| Primary | Bvisa zvinogadziriswa uye zvakamiswa zvakaomeswa kuburikidza nemaitiro emuviri, uku uchidzikisa chikamu cheiyo organic mutoro. |
| Secondary | Shandisa biological process kudzikisa biodegradable organic zvinhu uye zvinosanganiswa zvinosvibisa zvakasara mushure mekutanga kurapwa. |
| Tertiary | Ipa kumwe kurapwa kwekudya kunovaka muviri, zvakaonda zvakasimba, chaiwo organic komisheni, kana zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinoda kubviswa kwepamberi. |
| Disinfection | Deredza kana kumisa tupukanana tunokonzera chirwere chasara mushure mematanho ekurapa apfuura. |
Verenga zvakare: Wastewater Treatment Options
Mashandiro enzvimbo yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina
Zvidyarwa zvekuchenesa mvura yetsvina zvinogashira mvura yetsvina inouya, inowanzonzi influent, uye inoigadzira kuburikidza neinodzorwa yemuviri, yebhaibheri, uye dzimwe nguva makemikari oparesheni akagadzirirwa kuburitsa inogamuchirwa yekupedzisira tsvina.
Mvura yetsvina yemumba inonyanya kubva mudzimba uye inosanganisira mvura inobuda muzvimbuzi, yekugezera, kicheni, zviitiko zvekuwachira, singi, uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa mudzimba mukati mezvivakwa.
Mvura yetsvina inowanzova mvura nehuremu, asi chikamu chidiki chidiki chezvakanyungudutswa uye zvakamiswa zvinosvibisa zvinogona kukonzeresa zvakakomba zvehutano uye hutano hweveruzhinji pasina kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Zvivako zvekurapa zvinowanzoshanda nguva nenguva nekuti kugadzirwa kwemvura yetsvina kunoitika zuva rese. Kuenderera mberi kwekushanda kunobvumira kuyerera kunouya kuti kugamuchirwe, kurapwa, kuongororwa, uye kuburitswa zvakachengeteka.
Matanho ekutanga anowanzo tarisa pakuchengetedza midziyo uye kubvisa zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kurapwa kwepashure. Kuongorora uye kubvisa grit saka kwakakosha kwekutanga mashandiro.
Kuongorora kunobvisa zvinhu zvakakura zvakaita semapurasitiki, mamvemve, zvimiti, zvigadzirwa zvehutsanana, uye humwe marara. Kubvisa grit kunonangana nezvinorema zvisingaite sejecha nematombo madiki.
Yekutanga sedimentation inozobvumira zvinhu zvinorema zvakamiswa kuti zvigadzikane nepo zvinhu zvakareruka zvinoyangarara zvinogona kubviswa kubva pamvura ine tsvina. Aya maitiro anoderedza kusvibisa kunopinda mubiology kurapwa.
Ruzivo rwakadzama nezve sedimentation mukurapa kwemvura yakasviba kwakakosha nekuti kugadzirisa mashandiro kunokanganisa kudzika kwekurapa kunyatsoshanda uye kuwanda kwedhaka rinogadzirwa.
Kurapwa kwechipiri kunowanzoenderana netupukanana tunodya biodegradable organic zvinhu pasi pemamiriro ekunze anodzorwa. Biological system inogona kushandisa yakamiswa-kukura kana yakanamatira-kukura maitiro, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwechirimwa.
The kwakajairika sewage treatment process kazhinji inosanganisa mashandiro emuviri uye zvipenyu kuderedza zvinosvibisa tsvina isati yaburitswa munzvimbo inotambirwa.
Kurapwa kwepamusoro kana kwepamusoro kunogona kutevera kurapwa kwechipiri kana mitemo yetsvina yakaoma inoshanda. Inogona kunanga kudya, zvimedu zvakanaka, zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa, utachiona, kana zvakati zvinosvibisa zvinoda kumwe kubviswa.
Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvinogona kubatanidza matekinoroji epamberi ekugadzira maapplication ehunyanzvi. Semuyenzaniso, ultrafiltration maitiro inogona kutsigira kuparadzaniswa kwepamusoro uye kugadzirwa kwemvura yemhando yepamusoro yakarapwa.
Disinfection inopa chekupedzisira microbial control kana ichidikanwa. Vashandi vanofanira kutarisa kushanda kwekurapa nekuchenjerera nokuti kurapwa kusina kukwana kunogona kuguma kubva kune hydraulic overloading, kukundikana kwemidziyo, kusagadzirisa zvakanaka, kana kusagadzikana kwemaitiro.
Ruzivo rwakarurama rwekuyerera rwakakosha pakugadzira uye kushandisa masisitimu ekurapa. Nzira dzekufungidzira kuyerera kwemvura yakasviba batsira kuona hydraulic zvinodiwa uye yakakodzera kurapwa kugona.
Sludge ndiyo imwe huru yakabuda yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina. Maonda anobviswa panguva yekurapa anofanirwa kukora, kudzikamiswa, kubviswa mvura, kushandiswazve, kana kuraswa kuburikidza nenzira dzinoenderana nehunhu hwavo.
Mishonga yekuchenesa mvura saka inoshanda sezvikamu zvakakosha zvekudzora kusvibiswa kwemvura. Kuita kwavo kunoenderana nedhizaini inonzwika, kushanda kwakaringana, kugadzirisa nguva dzose, vashandi vane hunyanzvi, kutarisa, uye zvivakwa zvakavimbika.
Pa-Site Disposal uye Kurapa System
Iyo onsite tsvina yekuchenesa uye yekurasa system inobata mvura yetsvina padyo nepainogadzirwa pane kutakura iyo yese mvura yetsvina inoyerera kuburikidza nepakati pematanho ekurapa network.
Masisitimu epanzvimbo anonyanya kubatsira munzvimbo dzine nzvimbo dzine pombi yetsvina isingawanikwe, isingaite, inodhura zvakanyanya, kana isina kukodzera nekuda kwenzvimbo kana pekugara.
Imwe neimwe onsite system inofanirwa kugadzirwa kune hunhu hwesaiti yayo uye huwandu hwemvura yetsvina inotarisirwa. Saiti mamiriro anogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kunyangwe pakati pezvivakwa zviri pedyo.
Kuongorora kwakakodzera kwesaiti kunofanirwa kutarisa zvivakwa zvevhu, nzvimbo yepasi, nzvimbo yepasi iripo, inotarisirwa kugadzirwa kwemvura yetsvina, mamiriro emvura yepasi, mvura yepasi pedo, uye zvivakwa zviripo pamberi pesarudzo.
1. Mamiriro evhu:
Mamiriro evhu, chimiro, kupenya, kudzika, zvivakwa zvemvura, uye mitsara inodzivirira zvinopesvedzera kuti zvinobudirira sei mvura yetsvina inogona kufamba nepasi uye kuwana kumwe kurapwa panguva yekuraswa.
2. Nzvimbo uye saizi yenzvimbo:
Ivhu rakatenuka, nzvimbo iripo, miganhu yezvivakwa, uye pesvedzero yesaiti uko zvikamu zvekurapa zvinogona kuiswa zvakachengeteka uku uchichengetedza nhambwe dzinodiwa dzekuparadzana kubva munzvimbo dzakaoma.
3. Mamiriro emvura yepasi:
Kudzika kwemvura yepasi uye kushanduka kwemwaka yepasi pemwaka kunofanirwa kutariswa nekuti kupatsanurwa kusina kukwana kunogona kuwedzera njodzi dzekusvibiswa uye kukanganisa kurapwa kunoshanda uye kuraswa.
4. Zviwanikwa zvemvura zviri pedyo:
Matsime, nzizi, nzizi, zvitubu, madziva, madziva, uye migero yemvura inofanira kuzivikanwa nokuti gadziriro dzinenge dzisina kuchena dzinogona kubvumira mvura isina kucheneswa kana kuti isina kucheneswa zvakakwana kuti isvike zvitubu zvemvura zvine ngozi.
5. Kuwanda kwemvura yetsvina:
Kuyerera kwemvura yetsvina kunotarisirwa kunofanirwa kuverengerwa nemazvo nekuti hurongwa hwakaderera hunogona kuremerwa, nepo kuwedzeredza kusingakoshi kunogona kuwedzera mari yekuvaka nekugadzirisa pasina kuenzana.
Onsite masisitimu anowanzo sanganisira septic tangi inoteverwa neyepasi pevhu kunyura kana nzvimbo yekurasa. Iyo tangi inopa kurapa kwekutanga apo iyo ivhu system inopa kuwedzera kurapwa uye kuparadzira.
Kukodzera kwekurapwa kwepanzvimbo kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro enzvimbo. Detailed kushandiswa zvakare kwemvura yetsvina uye kufunga nezvekutonga kwenzvimbo inogona kubatsira kutsanangura kuti sei kurapwa kunosiyana pakati penzvimbo uye maapplication.
Kuongororwa kwevhu kana kuongorora mamiriro evhu kwakakodzera kunogona kupa ruzivo rwekuti mvura inokurumidza kufamba sei muvhu. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira kuona kana nzvimbo yakarongwa yekurasa yakakodzera.
Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogona kunge dziine mipimo yakakomba inokonzerwa nemvura yepasi isina kudzika, ivhu risinganyungudike, nzvimbo ine materu, nzvimbo isina kukwana, nzvimbo yemafashamo, kana kuti padyo nenzvimbo dzemvura dzinonetsa.
Kana masisitimu echinyakare asina kukodzera, mamwe marapirwo kana michina yekurasa inogona kutariswa. Iyo tekinoroji yakasarudzwa inofanirwa kupa kurapwa kwakaringana uku ichigutsa inoshanda nharaunda, hutano hweveruzhinji, uye kuronga zvinodiwa.
Kushanda kwakakodzera kunokosha mushure mekuisa. Vagari vemumba vanofanirwa kudzivirira maitiro anoremedza sisitimu, kuunza zvinhu zvisina kukodzera, zvinokuvadza zvinorapwa, kana kuvhiringa nzira dzemazuva ese dzekurapa kwebiology.
Kugara uchiongorora uye kugadzirisa kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwehurongwa uye kudzivirira kutadza kudzivirirwa. Septic matangi, pombi, mafirita, zvikamu zvekugovera, uye nzvimbo dzekurasa dzinofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekugadzira zvinodiwa.
Kushanda onsite manejimendi chikamu chekuwanda kutonga kwemvura netsvina, iyo ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura uku uchiona kuti mvura yetsvina inounganidzwa, yakagadziriswa, inoshandiswa zvakare, kana kuraswa zvakachengeteka.
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, mvura yetsvina yakacheneswa inogona kunge yakakodzera kushandiswa zvakare mushure mekurapwa kwakakodzera uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi. Kushandisazve kunogona kuderedza kudiwa kwemvura yakachena, asi danho rekurapa rinodiwa rinoenderana zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwayo.
Nezvekurima zvekurima, kutonga kwemvura yetsvina kunofanirwa kubatwa nemazvo nekuti mvura isina kucheneswa kana isina kucheneswa inogona kuunza utachiona, chikafu, munyu, makemikari, uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa munzvimbo dzekurima.
Mabhizinesi ezvekurima anogonawo kudzidza kubva kunzira dzakakura dzekuchengetedza zviwanikwa. Maitiro ekuchengetedza ivhu nemvura tsigira manejimendi ane hunyanzvi evhu rakakosha uye zviwanikwa zvemvura.
Kana kushata kwemamiriro ekunze kana mamiriro ekunze kuchiita kuti kuraswa kwenzvimbo kusakodzere, zviremera zvinogona kuramba hurongwa huripo kana kuda imwe dhizaini inopa kuchengetedzwa kuri nani kwehutano hweveruzhinji nezviwanikwa zvezvakatipoteredza.
Pakupedzisira, kurapwa kwemvura yetsvina kunoshanda kunoenderana nekufananidza tekinoroji yekurapa nemararamiro emvura, hydraulic mamiriro, zvimisikidzo zvesaiti, zvinangwa zvezvakatipoteredza, zviwanikwa zviripo, uye nzira yekupedzisira inoshandiswa kana kuraswa.
Verenga zvakare: Zvinangwa zveKugadziriswa kweMvura neMaitirwo eKuchenesa Mvura
Kukosha Kwekutarisira Kwakakodzera Kwemvura Yetsvina
Kudzora kwakafanira kwemvura yetsvina kwakakosha nekuti mvura yetsvina isina kucheneswa inogona kutakura zvinosvibisa ichipinda muzvirongwa zvezvakatipoteredza uko inogona kugadzira njodzi dzehutano, kushatisa magariro, uye kuderedza kunaka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura zviripo.
Kutarisira mvura yetsvina kunotanga nekuunganidza kwakakodzera uye kunoenderera mberi kuburikidza nekurapa, kutarisa, kuburitsa, kushandiswazve, uye kutonga kwezvisaririra zvekurapa. Danho rega rega rinobatsira pakubudirira kwese kwekudzora kusvibiswa.
Imwe bhenefiti huru kuchengetedzwa kwemvura yepamusoro. Nzizi, nzizi, madziva, madziva, uye madhamu zvinogona kutambura kusvibiswa kwakakomba apo tsvina isina kucheneswa kana kuti tsvina isina kunyatsocheneswa inopinda mairi.
Mvura yepasi pevhu inodawo kuchengetedzwa nekuti kusvibiswa kunogona kuramba kwenguva yakareba uye kunogona kukanganisa matsime anoshandiswa mudzimba, zvekurima, nezvimwe zvinangwa.
Kugadziriswa kwemvura yetsvina kwakakodzera kunoderedzawo kupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira. Kubvisa kana kusaita utachiona hunodzikisira mukana wekuti mvura ine utachiona inofumura vanhu kuburikidza nekuonana kwakananga kana kusanangana.
Kudzora kudya kunovaka muviri ndechimwe chinangwa chakakosha nekuti yakawandisa nitrogen uye phosphorus inogona kubatsira mukuwedzera eutrophication, algal kukura, kuderedzwa kweokisijeni mamiriro, uye kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza mukugamuchira mvura.
Kugadziriswa kwemvura yakasviba kunogonawo kutsigira kushandiswa kwemvura zvakare. Tsvina inocheneswa zvakanaka inogona kupa kumwe kunobva kune mamwe maapplication asinganwike, kuderedza kudzvanywa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura yakachena.
Iko kugona kushandiswa zvakare kunoongororwa zvakanyanya mukati kudzokorodza kwemvura yetsvina uye kushandisazve masisitimu, uko kudiwa kwekurapa kunofananidzwa nenjodzi uye mashandisirwo anodiwa.
Nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuti mvura yadzo inoraswa inogona kuve nezvinosvibisa zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira oiri, zvinonyungudutsa, simbi, zvinovaka muviri, munyu, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvingangoda kurapwa kwakasarudzika.
The maindasitiri etsvina kurapwa maitiro inoratidza kuti sei nzira dzekurapa dzichifanira kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nekwakaumbwa uye kusvibiswa kwetsvina yemumaindasitiri.
Kutonga kwemvura yetsvina kunonzwika kunogona kupa mabhenefiti ehupfumi nekudzikisira mitengo ine chekuita nekusvibiswa, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogadzira, kutsigira kushandiswazve kwemvura, uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa kunoenderana nekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nharaunda dzinobatsirikawo kana zvivakwa zvemvura yetsvina zvakagadzirirwa, kuchengetedzwa, uye kuongororwa. Masisitimu akavimbika anobatsira mukugara kune hutano, nzvimbo dzakachena, uye nekuvandudzwa kwekuvimba muzviwanikwa zvezvakatipoteredza zviripo.
Kutonga kwakanaka kunoda marongero akakodzera, hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, kudyara kwemari, kuzivikanwa kweveruzhinji, kuisirwa mutemo, kugadzirisa kwemaitiro, uye maitiro ane mutoro kubva kune majenareta emvura yetsvina nevashandisi vehurongwa.
Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvekurapisa zvinogona zvakare kugadzira mikana yehupfumi kuburikidza nekudzoreredza zviwanikwa, kushandisazve mvura yetsvina, manejimendi edhaka, kupihwa kwemidziyo, kushanda kwechirimwa, kugadzirisa, uye mamwe masevhisi anotsigira.
Mamwe mabasa ane chekuita nemvura yetsvina anogona kutove mabhizinesi akasarudzika. Mabhizinesi ane chekuita nemasevhisi ekurapa uye kudzoreredza anofanirwa, zvisinei, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, zvakatipoteredza, uye hutano hweveruzhinji.
Pakazere, kutonga kwemvura yetsvina kunofanirwa kutorwa sebasa rakakosha rezvakatipoteredza kwete kungoita basa rekurasa. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzivirira vanhu, kuchengetedza mvura, uye kuderedza kusvibiswa.
Zvinhu Zvokufunga nezvazvo Usati Wasarudza On-Site Wastewater System
Kusarudza nzvimbo yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina kunoda kuongororwa zvine hungwaru nekuti hapana tekinoroji imwe chete inokodzera zvivakwa zvese, mhando yemvura yetsvina, mamiriro evhu, mamiriro ekunze, mamiriro emvura yepasi, kana pekugara.
Huwandu hwemvura yetsvina inogadzirwa ndeimwe yekutanga kufunga. Hunhu hweSistimu hunofanirwa kuenderana nekuyerera kwezuva nezuva kunotarisirwa, kuyerera kwepamusoro, kugara kwemba, uye shanduko dzinogona kuitika mune ramangwana.
Maitiro emvura yetsvina anokanganisawo zvinodikanwa zvekurapa. Tsvina yemumba inowanzosiyana nemvura yetsvina yemumaindasitiri kana yekurima, inogona kunge iine zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinoda kurapwa kwakasarudzika kana kugadzirwa.
Inowanikwa nzvimbo yevhu inokanganisa sarudzo yehurongwa nekuti kumwe kurapwa uye tekinoroji yekurasa ivhu inoda nzvimbo yakakura. Zvimiro zvidiki zvinogona kuda compact kana advanced masisitimu.
Kupinda kwevhu kunonyanya kukosha apo tsvina inocheneswa inoparadzirwa nevhu. Kufamba kunononoka kana kukurumidza kwazvo kunogona kugadzira matambudziko ekugadzira nekuita.
Kudzika kwemvura yepasi kunofanirawo kuongororwa nemazvo. Sitimu yekurasa yakaiswa padyo nemvura yepasi inogona kuwedzera njodzi yekusvibiswa uye inogona kutadza kupa mamiriro ekurapa akakwana.
Topography inogona kukanganisa kuyerera kwegiravhiti, zvinodiwa zvekuchera, zvinodiwa zvekupomba, mapatani emvura, uye nzvimbo yemayuniti ekurapwa ane chekuita nezvivakwa nemiganhu yezvivakwa.
Matsime ari pedyo nemitumbi yemvura yepamusoro inofanira kuonekwa isati yaiswa. Mafambo akakodzera ekuparadzana anobatsira kuderedza mukana wekusvibisa matsime emvura yekunwa uye nzvimbo dzinokanganisa nharaunda.
Mitemo yomunzvimbomo nezvinodikanwa zvemvumo zvinofanira kurangarirwa pamberi pokuvakwa. Zviremera zvinogona kudoma matekinoroji anogamuchirika, madaro madiki, maitiro ekuyedza, zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa, uye zviyero zvekuburitsa.
Mari iripo ndeimwe pfungwa inoshanda. Mari yekuisa, zvinodiwa zvemagetsi, mari yekugadzirisa, zvinhu zvinotsiva, kubviswa kwematope, uye mitengo yenguva refu yekushandisa inofanirwa kuongororwa usati wasarudza system.
Mamiriro ekunze uye emwaka anogona kukanganisa kushanda. Mafashamo, kunaya kwemvura zhinji, kushanduka kwemwaka wemvura yepasi, kushanduka kwetembiricha, uye kuoma kwenguva refu kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwehurongwa.
Kuchengetedza mvura kunogona kuderedza kugadzirwa kwemvura yetsvina uye kubatsira madiki masisitimu kubata hydraulic kurodha. Kushandiswa zvakanaka kwemvura yemumba nekudaro kunogona kubatsirana nekugadziriswa kwemvura yetsvina uye maitiro ekurasa.
Kuyerera kwemvura yetsvina kunonyanya kukosha panguva yekuronga system. Ruzivo rwakavimbika nezvematanho ekuyerera anotarisirwa anotsigira saizi yakakodzera uye inoderedza mukana we hydraulic overload.
Kuchengetedza kwenguva refu kunofanira kufungwa kubva pakutanga. Sisitimu inogona kuita zvisina kunaka kana varidzi vasingakwanisi kuwana zvinotsiva, rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi, magetsi, kana masevhisi ekuongorora.
Pakupedzisira, iyo yakanakisa pane nzvimbo yetsvina system ndiyo inopa kurapwa kwakaringana, inokodzera saiti iripo, inochengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji, inogutsa zvinodiwa nemhoteredzo, uye inogona kushandiswa zvakachengetedzeka nekufamba kwenguva.
Pfupiso paPasiiti Municipal Wastewaters Treatment
| Topic | Summary |
|---|---|
| Wastewater | Mvura yakasviba imvura ine tsvina kuburikidza nemusha, kutengeserana, indasitiri, kurima, kana zvimwe zviitiko zvevanhu uye inoda manejimendi akakodzera isati yaburitswa kana kushandiswa zvakare. |
| Kurapa Chinangwa | Zvinangwa zvikuru kudzikisa zvinyoro, organic matter, chikafu, utachiona, uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinogona kukuvadza vanhu kana nharaunda. |
| Pre-kurapwa | Inobvisa zvinhu zvakakura, grit, jecha, uye zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa nhanho dzekurapa gare gare. |
| Primary Treatment | Inoshandisa maitiro emuviri, kunyanya kugadzirisa, kubvisa yakamiswa uye inogadziriswa solids uye kuderedza chikamu cheiyo organic mutoro. |
| Secondary Treatment | Inoshandisa biological process kudzikisa biodegradable organic zvinhu uye zvakasanganiswa zvinosvibisa zvakasara mushure mekutanga kurapwa. |
| Kurapa Kwepamusoro | Inopa kumwe kurapwa kwekudya kunovaka muviri, zvakaonda zvakasimba, zvakasvibiswa zvinosvibisa, kana maapplication anoda emhando yepamusoro tsvina. |
| Disinfection | Inoderedza kana kumisa hutachiona hunokonzera zvirwere hunosara mushure memamwe matanho ekurapa. |
| Onsite Systems | Gadzirisa mvura yetsvina pedyo nepainogadzirwa uye inobatsira apo pombi yesuweji yepakati isingawanikwe kana kusashanda. |
| Site Assessment | Inotarisa ivhu, pasi pevhu, topography, saizi yakawanda, kuyerera kwemvura yetsvina, zvitubu zvemvura zviri padyo, mirau, uye mamwe mamiriro esaiti. |
| Environmental Protection | Kutarisira mvura yetsvina kwakafanira kunochengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji, zviwanikwa zvemvura, zvipenyu, uye nharaunda uku uchitsigira kushandiswazve kwemvura yakachengeteka. |
Mibvunzo Inowanzo Kubvunzwa NezveWastewater Treatment Zvinangwa, Mashandiro, uye Pa-Site Disposal Systems.
1. Mvura yetsvina chii?
Mvura yakasviba imvura ine tsvina kuburikidza nemusha, kutengeserana, indasitiri, kurima, kana zvimwe zviitiko uye ine zvinhu zvinoda kurapwa isati yaburitswa zvakachengeteka kana kushandiswa zvakare kwakakodzera.
2. Sei mvura yetsvina yemumba ichida kurapwa?
Mvura yetsvina yemumba inogona kunge iine utachiona, organic matter, zvinovaka muviri, zvakaturikwa zvakasimba, uye makemikari anogona kusvibisa zviwanikwa zvemvura uye kugadzira njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu uye kwezvakatipoteredza.
3. Ndezvipi zvinangwa zvikuru zvekuchenesa mvura yetsvina?
Zvinangwa zvikuru zvinosanganisira kubvisa marara, kuderedza organic matter, kudzora zvinovaka muviri, kuderedza zvinosvibisa, uye kubvisa kana kumisa tupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere.
4. Chii chekutanga chekuchenesa mvura yetsvina?
Kurapa kwekutanga kunonyanya kushandisa maitiro emuviri senge sedimentation kubvisa zvinogadzika uye zvakamiswa simbi mvura yetsvina isati yaenda kumatanho ekurapa anotevera.
5. Chii chinonzi chechipiri chekuchenesa mvura yetsvina?
Kurapwa kwechipiri kunowanzo shandisa biological process umo ma microorganisms anopwanya biodegradable organic zvinhu, nekudaro kuderedza kusvibiswa kwe organic kwasara mushure mekutanga kurapwa.
6. Chii chinonzi chepamusoro chekuchenesa mvura?
Kurapwa kwepamusoro kunopa kumwe kubviswa kwetsvina mushure mekurapwa kwechipiri uye kunogona kunanga chikafu, zvinyoro zvinyoro, makemikoro chaiwo, utachiona, kana zvimwe zvinosvibisa.
7. Chii chinonzi onsite wastewater treatment system?
Iyo onsite system inobata uye inorasa mvura yetsvina padyo nenzvimbo yayo yekugadzira, inowanzo shandisa zvivakwa zvemunhu kana zvivakwa zvidiki zvisina pakati peseweji yekubatanidza.
8. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa kusarudzwa kwehurongwa hwemvura yetsvina?
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira mamiriro evhu, kudzika kwemvura yepasi, nzvimbo, ivhu rinowanikwa, huwandu hwemvura yetsvina, kunaka kwemvura yetsvina, zviwanikwa zvemvura zviri pedyo, mitemo yenzvimbo, mari, uye zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa.
9. Mvura yetsvina yakacheneswa ingashandiswazve here?
Hongu, mvura yetsvina yakacheneswa dzimwe nguva inogona kushandiswazve kune yakakodzera isiri-inonwika, asi chiyero chinodiwa chekurapa chinoenderana nemhando yemvura, kushandiswa kwakarongwa, njodzi yekufumurwa, uye zvinodiwa.
10. Nei kuuraya utachiona kuchikosha?
Disinfection inoderedza kana kumisa tupukanana tunokonzera chirwere chinogona kusara mushure mematanho ekurapa apfuura, zvichipa imwe chengetedzo isati yaburitswa kana kushandiswa zvakare.
Iwe une chero mibvunzo, mazano, kana mipiro? Kana zvirizvo, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kushandisa bhokisi rekutaura pazasi kugovera pfungwa dzako. Tinokukurudzirawo kuti ugoverane nomutsa mashoko aya nevamwe vangabatsirwa nawo. Sezvo tisingakwanisi kusvika munhu wose panguva imwe chete, tinoonga zvechokwadi rubatsiro rwenyu mukuparadzira shoko. Ndinokutendai zvikuru nerutsigiro rwenyu uye nokugoverana!
Verenga zvakare: Gwaro Rekuchengetedza Ivhu nemvura