Ntugharị na mmịnye ọgwụ na-egbu egbu n’ime ala

Ihe na-egbu egbu bụ ọgwụ kemịkal ma ọ bụ ihe na-ahụ maka ihe ndị e ji ụma egbochi, igbochi, jikwaa, ma ọ bụ ibibi ụmụ ahụhụ, ahịhịa, òké, fungi, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ́ ndị na-eyi mmepụta ihe egwu egwu.

Mgbe etinyere ya, ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu anaghị anọ kpamkpam n’ebe ha lekwasịrị anya. Ala, mmiri, ihu igwe, microorganisms, osisi na akụrụngwa kemịkalụ na-enwe mmetụta na-aga n’ihu ebe ọgwụ nje na-aga na ogologo oge ha na-arụ ọrụ.

Ọgwụ pesticides na-abanye n’ime ala nwere ike ịbanye na irighiri ihe nke ala, gbazee na mmiri ala, gbadaa ala, na-agafe n’elu elu, gbasaa n’ikuku, banye n’osisi, ma ọ bụ gbarie ọtụtụ usoro.

Ntugharị ndị a na-ekpebi ịdị irè pesticide na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi n’ihi na oke mmegharị ahụ nwere ike ibelata njikwa ụmụ ahụhụ ma na-abawanye ihe egwu mmetọ maka mmiri ala, mmiri dị n’elu, ihe ọkụkụ, anụ ụlọ, anụ ọhịa na ndị mmadụ.

N’ịghọta nnabata nke pesticides n’ime ala ya mere na-enyere ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi aka ịhọrọ kemịkalụ kwesịrị ekwesị, tinye ha n’ọrụ nke ọma, chebe akụ ala, ma belata mmegharị na-adịghị mkpa karịa ebe a chọrọ ọgwụgwọ.

Akara aka na omume nke ogwu ogwu n’ime ala

Ọgwụ nje na-eru ala na-enweta ọtụtụ usoro n’otu oge nke na-ekpebi ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ha. Usoro ụfọdụ na-eme ka njikwa pesti dị mma, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ọgwụgwọ ma mepụta nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, njikwa njikwa nke ahịhịa ahịhịa tupu apụta site na ala dị mmiri nwere ike idowe ihe na-arụ ọrụ n’akụkụ mkpuru ahịhịa, na-emezi njikwa njikwa na-achọghị ngwa elu ugboro ugboro.

Agbanyeghị, mmegharị ahụ gabigara ókè nwere ike iburu kemịkalụ pụọ na ebumnuche ha. Isi mmalite mmetọ ugbo ya mere nwere ike ịgụnye mmegharị pesticide mgbe omume ngwa na-ekwe ka kemịkalụ rute ebe gburugburu ebe obibi nwere mmetụta.

Usoro ndị bụ isi gụnyere mgbasa ozi, mbufe, nnabata, iwepụ ihe ọkụkụ, na mbibi. Mkpa ha dị iche iche na njirimara ala, ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, ụzọ eji eme ihe, mmiri ozuzo, okpomọkụ, mmiri mmiri, na ọrụ ndụ.

Ijikwa pesticide kwesịrị ekwesị na-adabere n’ịghọta mmekọrịta ndị a kama ịtụle ngwa ọgwụ pesticide dị ka ihe omume dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ọnọdụ ala nwere ike imetụta ịdị irè, nnọgidesi ike, ngagharị, na ikpughe gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ya mere, ndị ọrụ ugbo kwesịrị ịtụle ala ala na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi tupu ha etinye ọgwụ mgbochi. Omume nlekọta ala na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike imeziwanye ọnọdụ ala ma na-ebelata mmegharị kemịkalụ na-enweghị isi.

Gụkwuo: Mmetọ mmanụ na gburugburu: ogo, mmetụta, isi mmalite na akara aka

Mgbasa ozi na ijikọ ọgwụ pesticide n’ime ala

Adsorption na-eme mgbe ụmụ irighiri ihe pesticide na-etinye aka na irighiri ala ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ. Usoro a na-ebelata mkpokọta pesticide na-agbaze kpamkpam na mmiri ala ma na-emetụta mmegharị ahụ na-esote.

Ụmụ irighiri ụrọ na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-enye ọtụtụ mbara ebe ụmụ irighiri ihe pesticide nwere ike itinye. Mgbasa ozi siri ike n’ozuzu na-ebelata mmegharị ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na pesticide jikọtara nke ọma nwere ike ịdị obere maka iweta ma ọ bụ mebie osisi.

Ala ndị nwere nnukwu ụrọ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ na-ejigide ọgwụ nje ndị na-egbu egbu karịa ala ájá ájá. Ngwakọta ala na ntachi obi na-egbu egbu ya mere, nọgide na-enwe njikọ chiri anya.

Adsorption nwere ike ịnọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe. Mgbanwe nke mmiri mmiri, ọnọdụ kemịkalụ, na mmekọrịta nke ala nwere ike hapụ ụmụ irighiri ihe pesticide agbakwunyere na mbụ n’ime ngwọta ala, na-ekwe ka mmegharị ahụ ma ọ bụ iwelite mee ma emechaa.

1. Udi ala: Ala ájá ájá na-enyekarị obosara ala maka mgbasa ozi, ebe ala ndị nwere ụrọ na-enye ọtụtụ saịtị njikọ ma nwee ike idowe ọgwụ nje ogologo oge n’ime profaịlụ ala a na-emeso ya.

2. Ihe Okike: Ihe dị n’ime ala nwere ike inye saịtị njikọ dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ogige pesticides, na-ebelata nnweta ha ozugbo ebe mgbe ụfọdụ na-emepụta mmiri mmiri nke na-ahapụ nke nta nke nta.

3. Mmiri ala: Mmiri na-asọ mpi na ụmụ irighiri pesticide maka ụfọdụ saịtị mgbasa ozi. Mgbanwe na mmiri mmiri nwere ike gbanwee nguzozi n’etiti ọgwụ pesticide etinyere na irighiri ihe na pesticide fọdụrụ na ngwọta.

4. Njirimara ọgwụ pesticide: Solubility, molecular Ọdịdị, ụgwọ, na njikọ nke ala na-ekpebi otú ọgwụ pesticide siri ejikọta ya na otú ọ ga-esi emesịa laghachi na mmiri ala.

Mgbasa ozi siri ike nwere ike ibelata nnweta pesticide maka ata ahịhịa ma ọ bụ pests, ọkachasị mgbe ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-anọgide na-ejikọta kama ịbanye na ngwọta ala ebe mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike ịmịnye ya.

N’aka nke ọzọ, mgbasa ozi na-adịghị ike nwere ike ịbawanye mmegharị site na ala na mmiri. Ihe mmetọ ala na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike bụrụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe nsị kemịkalụ dị adị ruo ogologo oge.

Nyefee ọgwụ pesticide site na ala na mmiri

Mbufe ọgwụ pesticide na-akọwa mbugharị pụọ na ebe ngwa izizi. Ụfọdụ mmegharị ahụ na-akwado njikwa ụmụ ahụhụ, mana mbufe oke nwere ike ibelata ịdị irè yana ikpughe ihe ndị dị ndụ ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa gburugburu na kemịkalụ achọghị.

1. Mgbanwe: Ọgwụ nje nwere ike ịgbanwe site na mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ụdị siri ike ka ọ bụrụ vapors wee gafere site na mmiri ikuku. Ya mere, ogige ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nwere ike ịhapụ ebe a gwọchara tupu ha enweta njikwa ha bu n’obi.

2. Mpụga: Mmiri mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ ịgba mmiri nwere ike ịkwaga pesticides n’elu ala mgbe mmiri na-enweghị ike ịbanye ngwa ngwa. Mgbọpụ mmiri nwere ike iburu kemịkalụ gbazere ma ọ bụ sedimenti na-eke pesticide n’ime ozu mmiri dị nso.

3. Nkuzi: Ọgwụ pesticide gbazere nwere ike ịkwaga ala site na mmiri na-abanye na oghere ala. Kemịkalụ na-agbaze nke ukwuu nwere njide ala na-adịghị ike yana ogologo ntachi obi na-enwekarị ike ịchafụ.

4. Absorption: Osisi na anụmanụ nwere ike were ọgwụ na-egbu egbu site na ala, mmiri, nri, ma ọ bụ kọntaktị kpọmkwem. Nri na-agbanwe nkesa pesticide na nwere ike iwebata ihe fọdụrụ n’ime anụ ahụ dị ndụ.

5. Mwepụ ihe ubi: Ihe ubi ewepụtara n’ubi nwere ike wepụ ihe fọdụrụ na pesticides na metabolites n’ubi. Usoro a na-ebufe kemịkalụ pụọ na saịtị ọgwụgwọ mana ọ nwekwara ike ịmepụta nchegbu nchekwa nri.

Ogo mbufe na-adabere n’ụzọ siri ike n’usoro ala, mmiri ozuzo, ogbugba mmiri n’ubi, akụrụngwa kemịkalụ, mkpuchi ahịhịa, ọnụego ngwa, oge, na mkpọda ubi. Ụzọ mmetọ mmiri nke ugbo na-agụnye ọtụtụ usoro imekọ ọnụ.

Ezigbo nlekọta ala nwere ike ibelata mfu ndị a. Omume ala nchekwa nke na-eme ka ntinye nbanye na ibelata mbuze nwere ike inye aka belata mbufe pesticide site n’ubi a na-agwọ.

Volatilization na ihe ize ndụ na-agbapụ ọgwụ pesticide

Volatilite na-eme mgbe ọgwụ pesticides na-abanye na ikuku dị ka uzuoku. Nrụgide ikuku na-emetụta usoro a nke ukwuu, ebe okpomọkụ, mmegharị ikuku, iru mmiri, mmiri ala, na nhazi pesticide na-emetụta ọnụego ikpeazụ.

Okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ịbawanye mgbanwe ma kwalite mmegharị kemịkalụ pụọ na mpaghara ọgwụgwọ. Ọgwụ pesticides na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ike merụọ osisi ndị nwere mmetụta dị nso mgbe mmegharị ikuku na-ebu vapors ha gafere mpaghara ngwa.

Mgbasa ozi siri ike na-ebelatakarị mgbanwe n’ihi na ọgwụ pesticide na-anọgide na-ejikọta ya na ụmụ irighiri ihe ala. Ndị ọrụ ugbo kwesịrị iji nlezianya gụọ akara ngwaahịa ma zere ngwa n’oge ọnọdụ na-akwado mmegharị oke ikuku.

Ịgba ọsọ na-enye ụzọ ọzọ dị mkpa. Oke mmiri ozuzo obere oge ka ngwa ngwa gachara nwere ike ibufe pesticides gbazere ma ọ bụ sedimenti emetọru site n’ubi banye n’ime iyi, ọdọ mmiri, ọwa mmiri na-asọpụta, na mmiri ndị ọzọ dị n’elu.

Mkpọda ala, ntinye ala, mkpuchi elu, oke mmiri ozuzo, njikwa ogbugba mmiri n’ubi, na nhazi pesticide na-emetụta mpụta mmiri. Ihe mkpofu ugbo na njikwa kemịkalụ ya mere kwesịrị ịgụnye usoro dị irè nke na-echebe ala na mmiri mmiri dị nso.

Ahịhịa ahịhịa, ihe ndị fọdụrụ n’ihe ọkụkụ, usoro ihe nlegharị anya, ịhịa aka n’ahụ na-ebelata, na iji nlezianya na-agba mmiri nwere ike ime ka mmiri na-agagharị agagharị. Usoro nchịkwa mbuze nwekwara ike ibelata ibuga ụmụ irighiri ihe ala na-eke ọgwụ pesticide.

Mgbochi mgbapụ dị mma karịa ịnwa nhicha gburugburu ebe mmetọ gasịrị. Omume nchebe ịdị mma mmiri kwusi ike na mgbochi mmetọ na njikwa kemịkalụ ugbo na isi mmalite.

Ihe ize ndụ imetọ mmiri na mmiri dị n’ime ala

Nkịta na-eme mgbe ọgwụ pesticides na-agbada ala site na ala nwere mmiri na-abanye. N’adịghị ka mmiri na-asọpụta, nke na-agakarị n’elu elu, ịhịa aka n’ahụ na-ebu ogige gbazere site na profaịlụ ala gaa n’ọkwa dị omimi.

Solubility pesticide na-emetụta ike ịcha mmiri n’ihi na ogige mmiri na-agbaze nwere ike ịkwaga ngwa ngwa na mmiri na-abanye. Mgbasa ozi siri ike, nbibi ngwa ngwa, na solubility dị ala na-ebelata mmegharị site na ala.

Ala ájá ájá na-enyekarị ohere ịgagharị mmiri ọsọ ọsọ karịa ala ndị mara mma. Ịghọta ọdịiche ala ya mere nwere ike inyere ndị ọrụ ugbo aka ịtụ anya ka ọgwụ ahụhụ nwere ike isi na-akpa n’okpuru ọnọdụ ubi.

Oke mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ oke ogbugba mmiri n’ubi ozugbo etinyechara ya nwere ike ịbawanye mmegharị ala. Ihe ize ndụ ahụ na-adị mkpa karịsịa ebe tebụl mmiri dị nso n’elu ma ọ bụ ala na-ekwe ka ịbanye ngwa ngwa.

Mmetọ mmiri dị n’ime ala siri ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji tụgharịa ozugbo ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe na-abanye n’ime mmiri. Ụkpụrụ nlekọta mmetọ mmiri n’ime ala ya mere mesie ike mgbochi, kpachapụ anya nhọrọ ọgwụ pesticide, na mbelata njem kemịkalụ na-enweghị isi.

Ọgwụ nje nwekwara ike iru mmiri dị n’ime ala site na nchekwa kemịkalụ, ebe a na-agwakọta agwakọta, ebe a na-ehicha ihe akụrụngwa, ihe mwụfu, na ebe mkpofu ahịhịa. Saịtị ndị a chọrọ njikwa ndị ọzọ n’ihi na mmetọ etinyebere nwere ike ịmepụta mmetọ mpaghara.

Ndị ọrụ ugbo kwesịrị ịgbaso ntuziaka akara maka ọnụego ngwa, oge, ịgba mmiri, na mmachi gburugburu ebe obibi. Ichekwa akụ mmiri dị n’ime ala chọrọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche ebe mmegharị pesticides na permeability nke ala na-emepụta ikike mmetọ dị elu.

Mmụba nke ọgwụ pesticides site na osisi na anụmanụ

Ntinye ma ọ bụ iwere ya na-ezo aka na mmegharị pesticide n’ime ihe ndị dị ndụ. Osisi nwere ike ịmịnye pesticides site na mgbọrọgwụ, epupụta, ị ga-esi na anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ, ebe ụmụ anụmanụ nwere ike ịnweta ihe fọdụrụ site na nri, mmiri, ala, ma ọ bụ ikpughe kpọmkwem.

Ntinye ọgwụ pesticides n’ime ala na-adabere n’otu akụkụ kemịkalụ ole ka agbazere na mmiri ala. Ngwakọta pesticides jikọtara ya na ụmụ irighiri ihe nke ala na-egosikarị obere ohere maka iwelite mgbọrọgwụ.

Mgbanwe na-abawanye mmegharị site na irighiri ihe ala n’ime ihe ngwọta ala nwere ike ịbawanye mmịnye ihe ọkụkụ. Edaphic ihe ala n’ihi ya nwere ike imetụta nnweta pesticide na ikpughe ihe ọkụkụ.

Ịnweta ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike ịdị mkpa maka nchekwa nri n’ihi na ihe ọkụkụ ndị a kụrụ n’ala emetọru nwere ike ịnwe ihe fọdụrụ na pesticide. Nchegbu fọdụrụ na pesticide n’ubi nri dabere na kemịkalụ, ihe ọkụkụ, ala, oge mkpughe, na ọkwa fọdụrụnụ.

Ụmụ anụmanụ nwekwara ike ịnata ihe ndị fọdụrụ n’ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè site na iri nri emetọọ, ịṅụ mmiri emetọghị, ma ọ bụ ịkpọtụrụ gburugburu ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa. Ụzọ ndị fọdụrụ n’ime ngwaahịa anụmanụ gosi otú mmetọ ala nwere ike isi gbasaa n’ọhịa.

Ozugbo etinyere ya, ọgwụ pesticides nwere ike ịmalite metabolism, nchekwa, ibuga, ma ọ bụ mmebi n’ime ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ụfọdụ ihe fọdụrụ na-agbada ngwa ngwa, ebe ogige ndị na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike ịnọgide na-achọpụta ruo mgbe ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ dara ma ọ bụ owuwe ihe ubi.

Ịghọta ịṅụ ọgwụ nje na-enyere aka na-eduzi mkpebi ngwa na nlekota ihe ọkụkụ. Osisi pesticide metabolism na-emetụtakwa ka ihe fọdụrụ na-agbanwe mgbe kemịkal na-abanye n’anụ ahụ.

Mwepụ ihe ubi na ihe fọdụrụnụ na-egbu egbu

Mwepụ ihe ubi na-ebufe ihe mkpofu pesticide na ngwaahịa mgbanwe ha site n’ubi mgbe a na-egbute ihe ọkụkụ emeru. Ọnụọgụ ewepụrụ na-adabere na ntinye ihe fọdụrụnụ, njirimara ihe ọkụkụ, oge owuwe ihe ubi, na nnọgidesi ike kemịkal.

Ọgwụ nje ndị na-adị ogologo ndụ nwere ike ịdị na-enweta maka mmịnye ihe ọkụkụ ruo ogologo oge. Ijikwa ihe mkpofu pesticide dị mkpa n’ihi na ihe ọkụkụ emetọọ nwere ike imetụta anụ ụlọ mgbe ejiri ya mee nri ma ọ bụ nri nri.

Ntinye uche nke fọdụrụ anaghị adịgide adịgide n’ihi na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na-emebi emebi, mmegharị ahụ, nsị, metabolism nke osisi, na njem gburugburu ebe obibi. Nlekọta kemịkalụ nwere ọrụ na-enyere aka belata mkpokọta gburugburu ebe obibi na-enweghị isi.

Ngwaahịa ndị ewepụtara n’ubi nwere ike ịsacha, ihicha, isi nri, ihicha ma ọ bụ nhazi nke na-ebelata ụfọdụ ihe fọdụrụ na pesticide. Otú ọ dị, ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla na-adịgasị iche na kemịkalụ na ngwaahịa ndị metụtara.

Ngwa ọgwụ nje ugboro ugboro nwere ike ịbawanye nchegbu ndị fọdụrụ mgbe ha gafere ntụzịaka ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ na-eru nso na owuwe ihe ubi. Ndị ọrụ ugbo kwesịrị idobe oge ngwa akwadoro yana mmachi akara niile.

Ijikwa ihe ọkụkụ dị mma na-ebelatakwa ịdabere na ọgwụgwọ kemịkal na-adịghị mkpa. Mbelata mkpofu pesticide na isi iyi nwere ike wedata kemịkalụ furu efu, ihe emetọọ, na ụzọ ndị fọdụrụ nwere ike.

Mmebi ọgwụ pesticide n’ime ala

Nbibi na-agbaji ọgwụ pesticides n’ime ogige ndị dị mfe site na usoro ndu, kemịkalụ, ma ọ bụ usoro ọkụ. Nbibi na-ekpebi nkwụsi ike nke pesticide na-emetụta ogologo oge kemịkalụ ga-adị maka mmegharị ma ọ bụ njikwa ahụhụ.

1. Mmebi Microbial: Nje bacteria nke ala, fungi, na microorganisms ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịkụda ụmụ irighiri pesticide mgbe ha na-eji ogige kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka isi iyi nke ume ma ọ bụ nri. Mmiri, okpomọkụ, oxygen, pH, na ihe ndị dị ndụ na-emetụta ọrụ microbial.

2. Nbibi kemịkalụ: Ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje na-akụda site na mmeghachi omume kemịkal metụtara mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara ala. Hydrolysis na-anọchite anya ụzọ dị mkpa, ebe ala pH na mmiri nwere ike imetụta ọnụego mmeghachi omume.

3. Mmebi foto: Ìhè anyanwụ nwere ike ịkụda ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu ekpughere n’elu ala, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma ọ bụ ebe ndị ọzọ na-enwu. Ịdị irè nke usoro a na-adabere na ọkụ ọkụ, ihe onwunwe kemịkalụ, oge ikpughe, na ọnọdụ ngwa.

Nkwụsi ike nwere ma uru na ọghọm. Ọgwụ pesticide na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike inye ogologo oge njikwa ụmụ ahụhụ, mana ogologo oge ọnụnọ ya nwere ike ịbawanye ohere maka ịgbapụta mmiri, ịhịa aka n’ahụ, iweta ihe ọkụkụ, na ikpughe.

Ngwa ugboro ugboro nwere ike na-agba ume mgbe ụfọdụ ụmụ nje na-emebi ngwa ngwa pesticide. Nbibi nke a na-eme ngwa ngwa nwere ike ibelata ịdị irè ma mee ka njikwa ahụhụ sie ike karị mgbe ejiri otu ihe ahụ na-arụ ọrụ.

Ala pH nwekwara ike ịgbanwe ọnụego mbelata maka ụfọdụ otu ọgwụ nje. Ihe ndị na-achịkwa mbibi pesticides ya mere kwesịrị iduzi nhọrọ kemịkalụ na mkpebi ngwa.

Nlekọta nke ọma chọrọ ndị ọrụ ugbo ka ha zere ngwa ndị na-adịghị mkpa ma gbanwee otu ọgwụ na-egbu egbu n’ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị. Usoro a nwere ike ịkwado njikwa ụmụ ahụhụ dị irè ma na-ebelata mmepe nke nguzogide na nkwụsi ike kemịkal.

Ijikwa pesticide dị mma na-agafe karịa ngwa ubi. Mkpofu akpa pesticide kwesịrị ekwesị na-egbochi mfufu gbadoro ụkwụ ịbanye n’ala, mmiri dị n’elu, ma ọ bụ mmiri dị n’ime ala mgbe ejiri ngwaahịa mee ihe.

Nlekọta nchekwa nke ihe mkpofu pesticide na-agbaze dịkwa mkpa n’ihi na mkpofu na-akpachapụghị anya nwere ike ịmepụta saịtị mmetọ gbadoro ụkwụ na-akpa àgwà dị iche na ngwa ubi nkịtị.

N’ozuzu, omume ọgwụ pesticide na ala na-adabere na mmekọrịta dị n’etiti akụrụngwa kemịkalụ, njirimara ala, ihu igwe, mmegharị mmiri, ọrụ ndu, na omume ugbo. Ịghọta ihe ndị a na-eme ka arụmọrụ dị mma na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo mma.

Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ugbo nwere ike ịbawanye ma ọ bụrụ na iji ọgwụ na-eme ihe na-ejikọta ya na njikwa mkpofu na-adịghị mma, mbuze, mpụta mmiri, na omume nlekọta mmiri mmetọ n’ofe ala ọrụ ugbo.

Mgbochi mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi ya mere kwesịrị ịmalite site na nhọrọ ngwaahịa ziri ezi, ngwa ziri ezi, mmata ihu igwe, nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị, mkpofu ọrụ, na nchebe na-aga n’ihu nke ala na mmiri.

Gụkwuo: Ọrụ nke ndị nrụpụta na ụlọ ọrụ na njikwa mkpofu

Nchịkọta na mmegharị na mmịnye ọgwụ na-egbu egbu n’ime ala

Ajụjụ ndị a na-ajụkarị gbasara mmịnye ọgwụ pesticides n’ime ala: mmegharị na akara aka

1. Gịnị bụ absorption nke pesticides na ala?

Absorption na-ezo aka na ọgwụ na-egbu egbu site na osisi ma ọ bụ anụmanụ mgbe kemịkalụ ahụ nwetara site na mmiri ala, ihe ndị emerụrụ emerụ, kọntaktị kpọmkwem, nri, ma ọ bụ ụzọ mgbasa gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ.

2. Kedu ihe na-ekpebi ijegharị pesticides site na ala?

Ntugharị na-adabere na udidi ala, ihe ndị dị ndụ, mmiri mmiri, ike ọgwụgwụ, pesticide solubility, ike adsorption, nnọgidesi ike, mmiri ozuzo, ogbugba mmiri n’ubi, usoro ntinye, na ọnọdụ elu ubi.

3. Gịnị kpatara mgbasa ọgwụ pesticide ji dị mkpa?

Adsorption na-achịkwa otu ọgwụ pesticides siri ejikọta na ụmụ irighiri ihe nke ala, na-emetụta mmegharị ha, nnweta osisi, ọnụ ọgụgụ mbibi, nnọgidesi ike, ikike ịgbapụta, na ikike ịkwaga n’ime mmiri dị n’ime ala.

4. Ọgwụ nje nwere ike iru mmiri dị n’ime ala?

Ee. Ọgwụ nje na-agbaze mmiri na nke na-esighi ike nwere ike ịkwaga n’ala site na ala ndị na-asọ oyi, karịsịa mgbe oke mmiri ozuzo gasịrị ma ọ bụ ịgba mmiri na-abaghị uru, nwere ike iru mmiri dị n’ime ala ma na-emetọ aquifers.

5. Kedu ka udidi ala si emetụta pesticides?

Udiri ala na-emetụta mgbasa ozi, mwepu, mmegharị mmiri, na nnweta pesticide. Ala aja na-enyekarị ohere ịmegharị mmiri ngwa ngwa, ebe ala ndị nwere ụrọ na-enyekarị saịtị mgbasa ozi.

6. Kedu ihe bụ isi usoro mmebi pesticide?

Ụzọ kachasị njọ bụ mmebi microbial, mmebi kemịkalụ, na fotodegradation. Ọnụego ha na-adabere na njirimara pesticide, ọnọdụ ala, okpomọkụ, mmiri mmiri, pH, microorganisms, na ìhè anyanwụ.

7. Kedu ka esi ebelata mmiri na-agbapụta n’ime ọgwụ ahụhụ?

Enwere ike ibelata ọsọ ọsọ site na ngwa ziri ezi, nleba anya ihu igwe, ịgba mmiri nke ọma, mkpuchi ahịhịa, ihe fọdụrụ n’ihe ọkụkụ, mbelata nke ịkọ ugbo, ịchịkwa mbuze, na izere itinye ọgwụ nje ozugbo tupu oke mmiri ozuzo.

8. Gini mere omume ogwu ogwu ji di mkpa nye ndi oru ugbo?

Ịghọta omume ọgwụ nje na-enyere ndị ọrụ ugbo aka imeziwanye njikwa ụmụ ahụhụ, họrọ ngwaahịa kwesịrị ekwesị, belata kemịkalụ mfu, chebe ihe ọkụkụ na ihe ndị bara uru, na ibelata mmetọ nke ala, mmiri, anụ ụlọ na nri.

Ị nwere ajụjụ, ntụnye ma ọ bụ onyinye ọ bụla? Ọ bụrụ otu a, biko nweere onwe gị iji igbe nkọwa n’okpuru kesaa echiche gị. Anyị na-agbakwa gị ume ka ị jiri obiọma kesaa ozi a n’etiti ndị ọzọ nwere ike irite uru na ya. Ebe ọ bụ na anyị enweghị ike ịgakwuru onye ọ bụla ozugbo, anyị nwere ekele maka enyemaka gị n’ịgbasa okwu ahụ. Daalụ nke ukwuu maka nkwado gị na maka ịkekọrịta!

Gụkwuo: Pụtara na mkpa njikwa ala dị na ọrụ ugbo