Environmental Management

The activated sludge system process is a process for treating sewage and industrial waste- waters using air and a biological floc composed of bacteria and… Read More »Activated Sludge System Process

In order to understand this section well, a closer look at this sketch and others are quite necessary. Fig.: Rotating Biological Contactor Biological Contactor (RBC)… Read More »Rotating Biological Discs Process

The trickling filter system is relatively simple and inexpensive. It is an aerobic sewage treatment method in which the sewage is distributed by a revolving… Read More »Industrial Waste-water Treatment Trickle Filters

Today, we are going to be discussing about the biological discs, activated sludge and the oxidation pond process. Trickling Filter Process A trickling filter is… Read More »Biological Discs, Activated Sludge and Oxidation Pond Process

Many industrial processes produce wastewaters. These are waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities. Sources of Industrial Wastewaters… Read More »Industrial Wastewater Treatment Procedure

Waste that is produced by activities of industry is referred to as industrial waste. The industrial activities include the production process, the use and the… Read More »Industrial Waste and their Impact on the Environment

Sedimentation processis the main process of primary treatment which comes up immediately after screening, use of comminutor and grit removal processes. Just as we have… Read More »Meaning and Factors affecting Sedimentation in Waste-water Treatment

There are many sedimentation basin shapes. They can be rectangular, circular, and square. 1. Rectangular Basins Rectangular basins are commonly found in large-scale water treatment… Read More »Selection of Sedimentation Basin Shapes

Figure 6.3 depicts a typical comminutor. When designing a comminutor, head-loss should be considered. Head-loss through a comminutor is usually in the range of a… Read More »Design criteria for comminutor and Grinder in Wastewater Treatment Operations

Processing coarse solids reduces their size so they can be removed during downstream treatment operations, such as primary clarification, where both floating and settleable solids… Read More »Comminutor and Grinder Process in Wastewater Treatment Operations

A problem in maintaining the food safety is the need to detect micro- organisms in order to curb outbreaks. Microbiological examination provides information on quality… Read More »Microbiological Examination of Food

Food preservation methods are aimed at preventing the incorporation of microbes into food, removing or destroying microbes in food and keeping microbes from multiplying. Modern… Read More »Food Preservation Methods

Thorough dilution of contaminated air by ventilation is a very effective means of controlling airborne diseases indoors. However, it is expensive since special ducts or… Read More »Control of Airborne Microorganisms

Many sampling devises are available for air sampling. The impingement, bubbling, atomizing, electrostatic membrane filter devices etc. are some of the devices used for collection… Read More »Microbiological Analysis of Air

When ozone and hydrocarbons usually ethylene alone with the oxygen act together the inactivation rates of microbes is greatly affected. Micro-organisms like fungi cannot survive… Read More »Fate and Transport of Micro-organisms in Air

Aerobiology is defined as the study of life present in the air. Aeromicrobiology relates to the study of environmentally relevant micro-organisms. Intramural Aerobiology deals with… Read More »Air Microbiology (Aerobiology) and Causes of Air-Borne Diseases

Water purification forms a critical link in promoting public health and safety. It involves variety of steps which depend upon the type of impurities in… Read More »Importance of Water Purification to Public Health and Safety

Microbiological examination of water is necessary in order to maximize the use of water without falling into trouble caused by micro-organisms in the same. It… Read More »Microbiological Examination of Water